S v Laubscher

JurisdictionSouth Africa

S v Laubscher
1988 (1) SA 163 (A)

1988 (1) SA p163


Citation

1988 (1) SA 163 (A)

Court

Appèlafdeling

Judge

Joubert AR, Botha AR en Nestadt AR

Heard

September 17, 1987

Judgment

September 30, 1987

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde I

Strafreg — Persone, aanspreeklikheid van — Geestestoestand van beskuldigde — Verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid gebaseer op totale persoonlikheidsdisintegrasie van tydelike aard — J Beskuldigde het sy skoonvader gedood nadat hy belet is

1988 (1) SA p164

A om sy kind vir besoek te neem — Hof bevind dat beskuldigde in omstandighede slegs verminderd ontoerekeningsvatbaar was.

Headnote : Kopnota

Appellant was 'n 23-jarige mediese student en volgens die getuienis was sy intelligensie geniaal, hy was beleefd, 'n introvert en emosioneel baie sensitief met 'n spanningsdraagsaamheidsdrempel wat baie laag is. B Hy het 'n verhouding met ene C aangeknoop wat later swanger geraak het waarna hulle getrou het. Appellant se skoonouers het hom nie aanvaar nie en was kil en afsydig teenoor hom. Na die geboorte van hul kind het C se ouers vir C en die kind kom haal en hulle na die ouers se plaas toe geneem. C het toe 'n egskeidingsaksie teen appellant aanhangig gemaak. Op 'n naweek het appellant met C gereël dat hy vir haar en die kind sou kom haal om vir die naweek by sy ouers te gaan kuier. Toe hy egter vir C en die kind gaan haal het, het C van gedagte verander en wou nie meer C met hom saamgaan nie. Op die daaropvolgende Maandag het appellant weer met C afgespreek dat hy vir haar dieselfde aand sou kom haal. Toe hy die afspraak nakom is hy deur C in die teenwoordigheid van haar ouers meegedeel dat sy nie bereid was om saam met hom te gaan nie en hy is deur C se pa gesê om die huis te verlaat. Die appellant is toe weg maar het later teruggekeer en daarop aangedring dat die kind aan hom gegee moes word. Hy het toe met sy pistool in verskeie vertrekke van die huis D begin skiet en altesaam 21 skote afgevuur, een waarvan C se pa getref en gedood het. By sy verhoor in 'n Rondgaande Hof op aanklagte van, onder andere, moord en poging tot moord, is dit namens die appellant aangevoer dat hy tydens die pleeg van die misdaad 'n totale sielkundige ineenstorting of persoonlikheidsdisintegrasie van 'n tydelike aard ondergaan het sodat hy onwillekeurig opgetree het. Die Hof het bevind dat ofskoon die appellant se optrede irrasioneel was en nie in ooreenstemming met sy gewone persoonlikheid nie, hy wel willekeurig opgetree het omdat hy onderskeidingsvermoë en weerstandskrag gehad het sodat hy nie ontoerekeningsvatbaar was nie maar wel verminderd E toerekeningsvatbaar. Op die aanklag van moord is hy tot ses jaar gevangenisstraf gevonnis. Op appèl het die Hof beslis dat dit nie nodig was om te bevind of 'n verweer soos die appellant s'n, wat op nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid gebaseer is uit hoofde van 'n totale persoonlikheidsdisintegrasie van 'n tydelike aard, 'n geldige verweer is nie en bevind dat die Verhoorhof die appellant tereg skuldig bevind het. Die Hof het egter beslis dat die vonnis verminder moes word F deur die opskorting van die helfte van die tydperk van gevangenisstraf van ses jaar.

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Criminal law — Persons, liability of — Mental state of accused — G Defence of non-pathological criminal unaccountability based on total personality disintegration of temporary nature — Accused killing his father-in-law after he was forbidden from taking his child for visit — Court finding that accused in circumstances suffering only from diminished responsibility.

Headnote : Kopnota

The appellant was a 23-year-old medical student whose intelligence, H according to the evidence, was that of a genius, he was courteous, an introvert and emotionally very sensitive with a very low threshold for enduring tension. He embarked on a relationship with one C who later became pregnant, whereafter they married. Appellant's parents-in-law did not accept him and were cold and aloof towards him. After the birth of their child, C's parents came and fetched C and took her and the child back to their farm. C thereupon instituted a divorce action against the appellant. On a certain weekend the appellant arranged with C that he I would collect her and the child and take them to his parents for the weekend. When he went to fetch C, however, C had changed her mind and no longer wished to accompany him. On the subsequent Monday the appellant again arranged with C that he would fetch her and the child and when he kept the appointment he was told by C in the presence of her parents that she was not willing to go with him and he was told by C's father to leave the house. The appellant then left but returned later, demanding that he be given the child. He began to shoot into various rooms of the house with his pistol and altogether discharged 21 rounds, one of which J hit and killed C's father.

1988 (1) SA p165

A At his trial in a Circuit Court on charges inter alia of murder and attempted murder, it was contended on behalf of the appellant that at the time of the commission of the offences he had suffered a total psychological breakdown or disintegration of his personality of a temporary nature with the effect that he had acted involuntarily. The Court found that, although the appellant's actions had been irrational and not in keeping with his normal personality, he had, however, acted voluntarily as he had powers of discernment and restraint so that he had not been criminally unaccountable but had rather suffered from B diminished responsibility. On the count of murder he was sentenced to six years' imprisonment. On appeal the Court held that it was not necessary to decide whether a defence such as the appellant's, which was based on non-pathological criminal unaccountability by virtue of a total personality disintegration of a temporary nature, was a valid defence and found that the trial Court had correctly convicted the appellant. The Court, however, held that the sentence had to be reduced by the C suspension of half of the period of imprisonment of six years.

Case Information

Appèl teen 'n skuldigbevinding en vonnis in die Queenstown Rondgaande Plaaslike Afdeling (Jennett R). Die feite blyk uit die uitspraak van D Joubert AR.

A R Erasmus SC namens die appellant het na die volgende gesag verwys: S v Chretien 1981 (1) SA 1097 (A); Snyman Strafreg op 42 - 4; Hiemstra Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproses 3de uitg op 180; Joubert The Law of South Africa band 6 para 36; R v Di Carlo 1957 (1) PH H123 (A); S v Mokonto E 1971 (2) SA 319 (A) op 324F - 326B; S v Bailey 1982 (3) SA 772 (A) op 797C; S v Lesch 1983 (1) SA 814 (O) op 823A - 824B; S v Van Vuuren 1983 (1) SA 12 (A) op 17G - H; S v Arnold 1985 (3) SA 256 (K) op 263A - 264H; S v Stellmacher 1983 (2) SA 181 (SWA); S v Mahlinza 1967 (1) SA 408 (A) op 419A - B; S v Trickett 1973 (3) SA 526 (T) op 537D - E; R v Du Plessis F 1950 (1) SA 297 (O) op 304 - 6.

S J Redpath namens die Staat het na die volgende gesag verwys: S v Chretien 1981 (1) SA 1097 (A) op 1104E - H en 1106C; Joubert The Law of South Africa band 6 paras 77 en 73; R v Kennedy 1951 (4) SA 431 (A) op 435E - G; Gardiner en Lansdown SA Criminal Law and Procedure band 1 (6de uitg) op 87; Strafproseswet 51 van 1977 art 78; S v Mahlinza 1967 (1) SA 408 (A) G op 419A - C; S v Trickett 1973 (3) SA 526 (T); C R Snyman Criminal Law (Engelse uitg) op 125; S v Lesch 1983 (1) SA 814 (O) op 825E - G; S v Mngomezulu 1972 (1) SA 797 (A); S v Van Zyl 1964 (2) SA 113 (A); S v Van Vuuren 1983 (1) SA 12 (A).

H Cur adv vult.

Postea (September 30).

Judgment

Joubert AR:

Op 10 Junie 1985 is die appellant in die Queenstown Rondgaande Plaaslike Afdeling aangekla van moord op sy skoonvader Petrus I Hendrik van Rooyen wat hy op Maandag 9 Julie 1984 op die plaas Witfontein in die distrik van Woodhouse vermoor het (aanklag 1). Hy is ook daarvan aangekla dat hy op dieselfde tyd en plek gepoog het om sy skoonmoeder Maria Elizabeth van Rooyen, sy skoonsuster Maria Elizabeth van Rooyen, sy eggenote Anna Cecilia Laubscher (gebore van Rooyen) en sy J seun Stuart Adolf Laubscher te vermoor (aanklagte 2, 3, 4

1988 (1) SA p166

Joubert AR

A en 5 respektiewelik). Hy is verhoor deur Jennett R en twee assessore. Hy het onskuldig gepleit op al die aanklagte. Op 30 Julie 1985 is hy op aanklag 1 skuldig bevind aan moord met versagtende omstandighede. Hy is ook skuldig bevind op aanklagte 2, 3, 4 en 5. Op 31 Julie 1985 is hy op aanklag 1 'n vonnis van ses jaar gevangenisstraf opgelê. Aanklagte 2, 3, B 4 en 5 is saamgevat vir doeleindes van vonnis en daarop is hy vier jaar gevangenisstraf opgelê wat met die vonnis van ses jaar op aanklag 1 saamloop. Met verlof van die Verhoorregter kom hy tans in hoër beroep na hierdie Hof teen sy skuldigbevindings en vonnisse.

By die aanvang van die verhoor het die appellant die aard van sy verweer in die pleitverduideliking volgens art 115 van die C Strafproseswet 51 van 1977 soos volg uiteengesit:

'2.

Dit is die grondslag van my verweer tot al die ten laste gelegde misdrywe dat gedurende die tydperk wat die beweerde misdrywe gepleeg sou gewees het, ek nie willekeurig gehandel het nie en derhalwe nie strafregtelik toerekenbaar was nie.

3.

D My gesegde ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid was tydelik van aard en is nie...

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61 practice notes
  • S v Calitz
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...S v Campher 1987 (1) SA 940 (A) op 955E-F, 956G-957A, 965A-B, 966G-I; S v Rapitsi 1987 (4) SA 351 (A) op 358E-359H; S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) op 166H-I, 167F-G; S v N H 1988 (3) SA 460 (A); Burchell en Hunt South African Criminal Law and Procedure band 1 'General Principles' op 239 ......
  • Author index
    • South Africa
    • South African Criminal Law Journal No. , August 2019
    • 16 Agosto 2019
    ...253S v Kock 2003 2 SACR 5 (SCA) ............................................................. 89S v Laubscher 1988 1 SA 163 (A) ................................................. 251, 253-254S v Le Grange 2009 1 SACR 125 (SCA) ................................ 106, 289-291, 464S v Lotter 2008......
  • S v Mnisi
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...646 (A): referred to S v Khumalo and Others 1984 (3) SA 327 (A): considered S v Kok 2001 (2) SACR 106 (SCA): referred to S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A): dictum at 173F - G applied S v Makatu 2006 (2) SACR 582 (SCA): discussed S v Malgas 2001 (1) SACR 469 (SCA) (2001 (2) SA 1222; [2001] 3......
  • Comment: Road rage and reasoning about responsibility
    • South Africa
    • South African Criminal Law Journal No. , May 2019
    • 24 Mayo 2019
    ...between pathological and non-pathological forms of incapacity is clearly stipulated by the Appellate Division in S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) 167D-F, and S v Calitz 1990 (1) SACR 119 (A) 126g-h. In his latest work (Strafreg 4ed (1999) 161), CR Snyman also acknowledges this distinction ......
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50 cases
  • S v Calitz
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...S v Campher 1987 (1) SA 940 (A) op 955E-F, 956G-957A, 965A-B, 966G-I; S v Rapitsi 1987 (4) SA 351 (A) op 358E-359H; S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) op 166H-I, 167F-G; S v N H 1988 (3) SA 460 (A); Burchell en Hunt South African Criminal Law and Procedure band 1 'General Principles' op 239 ......
  • S v Mnisi
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...646 (A): referred to S v Khumalo and Others 1984 (3) SA 327 (A): considered S v Kok 2001 (2) SACR 106 (SCA): referred to S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A): dictum at 173F - G applied S v Makatu 2006 (2) SACR 582 (SCA): discussed S v Malgas 2001 (1) SACR 469 (SCA) (2001 (2) SA 1222; [2001] 3......
  • S v Kalogoropoulos
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...(4) SA 692 (A); S v Sigwahla 1967 (4) SA 566 (A); S v Ivanisevic 1967 (4) SA 572 (A); S v Pillay I 1977 (4) SA 531 (A); S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A). Cur adv vult. J Postea (30 November 1992). 1993 (1) SACR p14 Judgment Botha JA: This is a Greek tragedy, in which the dramatis personae ......
  • S v Van der Westhuizen
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...these psychological characteristics is absent the person concerned would not be criminally responsible for his conduct (S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) at 166F – J).' [Own emphasis.] F And Kumleben JA said in S v Smith: 'In the light of this evidence it cannot be said that at the critical......
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11 books & journal articles
  • Author index
    • South Africa
    • South African Criminal Law Journal No. , August 2019
    • 16 Agosto 2019
    ...253S v Kock 2003 2 SACR 5 (SCA) ............................................................. 89S v Laubscher 1988 1 SA 163 (A) ................................................. 251, 253-254S v Le Grange 2009 1 SACR 125 (SCA) ................................ 106, 289-291, 464S v Lotter 2008......
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    • South Africa
    • South African Criminal Law Journal No. , May 2019
    • 24 Mayo 2019
    ...between pathological and non-pathological forms of incapacity is clearly stipulated by the Appellate Division in S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) 167D-F, and S v Calitz 1990 (1) SACR 119 (A) 126g-h. In his latest work (Strafreg 4ed (1999) 161), CR Snyman also acknowledges this distinction ......
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    • 19 Agosto 2019
    ...1998 (1) SACR 554 (A) at 558S v Siebertd ff; d ff; dS v Nkosi 1993 S v Nkosi 1993 S v Nkosi(1) SACR 709 (A) at 715b-c; S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) at 172C-D; S v Laubscher 1988 (1) SA 163 (A) at 172C-D; S v LaubscherRammoko v Director of Public Prosecutions 2003 (1) SACR 200 (SCA) at ......
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