2021 volume 1 p 123

Published date22 July 2021
Date22 July 2021
https://doi.org/10.47348/TSAR/2021/i1a7
[ISSN 0257 – 7747]TSAR 2021
. 1
123
Aantekeninge
INSURANCE POLICIES, THE MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY ACT AND
ALIENATION OF ASSETS OF THE JOINT ESTATE WITHOUT VALUE
TO THE DETRIMENT OF THE NON-CONSENTING SPOUSE
SAMEVATTING
VERSEKERINGSPOLISSE, DIE WET OP HUWELIKSGOEDERE EN VERVREEMDING
VAN BATES VAN DIE GEMEENSKAPLIKE BOEDEL SONDER TEENWAARDE TOT
NADEEL VAN DIE NIE-INSTEMMENDE GADE
Die wetgewer het met die Wet op Huwelik sgoedere 88 van 1984 nie alleen die mind erwaardige status
van vroue getroud in gemeenskap van goed vervang met identies dieselfde status as wat haar man
geniet en dus sy gemeenregteli ke maritale mag geskrap nie, maar het ook met die kwali kasies vervat
in arti kel 15 uitdrukli k perke gestel aan die po tensiële risiko’s waaraan ga des só getroud bloot sou st aan
indien een van d ie gades sonder die toes temming van die a nder bepaalde regsha ndelinge kon verrig wat
negatief kan insl aan op die gemeenskapli ke boedel en dus beide gades se b elange.
Getrou aan die gemenereg kan behoudens die uitsonderinge van ’n uitdruklike bepaling deur ’n
testateur, skenker of ’n tersake hofbevel geen persoon getroud in gemeenskap van goed naas die
gemeenskapli ke boedel ook nog beskik oor ’n afsonderl ike privé boedel nie. Alle bates va n die gades
vorm deel van die geme enskaplike boedel en is dus onderworpe aan d ie voorskrifte vervat in artikel
15 van die wet. Aangesien bates per denisie alle vermoënsregte van die tersake reghebbendes insluit,
vorm ook die vorderingsregte uit hoofde van ’n versekeringsooreenkoms deel van die bates van die
reghebbende.
Indien ’n gade s onder die toestem ming van sy of haa r wederhelf die vorder ingsreg teen die
lewensversekera ar aan ’n derde oord ra deur sodan ige benoeming va n die derdes as begu nstigdes kom dit
neer op ’n vervree mding van bates uit die ge meenskaplike boedel s onder teenwaarde. Die wet gewer het
in arti kel 15(3)(c) onomwonde en ondubbelsin nig verorden dat sodan ige vermeende regshandeli ng van
nul en gener waa rde is. Die “vervreemder ” het nie die nodige kompetensie of handel ingsbevoegdheid
om die handeling t e verrig nie en die reg kan ge en gevolge aan sodanige nietige h andeling heg nie.
Enige vermoënsverskuiwing wat op sodanige niet igheid gebaseer is, is sine causa en kan deur die
ongegrond verar mde party kondikeer word mits aan die vereistes van die condictio indebiti voldoen
word. In die Naidoo-saak het die uits praak van die hoogst e hof van appèl in weerwi l van die uitdru klike
statutêre bep alings nie die belange van die weduwee wat deur die onregmatige optrede van haar oorle de
man wesenli k benadeel is, beskerm n ie. Sodanige regsverdr aaiing boesem geen ver troue in nie.
1 In Naidoo v Discovery Life Limited ((202/2017) 2018 ZASCA 88), the supreme
court of appeal (31 May 2018) handed down a decision which is of importance to
spouses married in community of property where one of the spouses changes or
appoints, without the conse nt of the other spouse, a beneciary under a risk-only
policy of life insurance which is pe rceived as being par t of the joint estate.
2 For purposes of discussing the Naidoo case, it would be useful to give a short
overview of the matrimonial property law as it is after the Matrimonial Property
Act 88 of 1984, but rst what is meant by the ter m “policy” must be explained. A
policy, strictly speaking, is not by itself a contract of insurance but is a document
that records a contract of insurance (Collins English Dictionary (10th ed)). For
instance, you do not cede a policy but rather t he right(s) from a contr act of insurance.
Unfortunately, the word “policy” is widely used in a cont aminated sense to indicate
a contract of insurance as such or the rights it evidences. In order to avoid confusion,
we will keep to this usage.
3 It is well known that, in ter ms of the common law, the assets and debts of
spouses married in commu nity of property fall into a joint estate. Accord ing to
2021 TSAR 123
© Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd

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