Using a digitalisation approach to optimising potential property tax revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo

AuthorButindi, L.M.
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.47348/AMTJ/V2/i1a8
Published date28 March 2022
Date28 March 2022
Citation(2022) 2 AMTJ 138
Pages138-154
https://doi.org/10.47348/AMTJ/V2/i1a8 138
APPROCHE SUR L’OPTIMISATION DU POTENTIEL DES
RECETTES TIRÉES DE L’IMPÔT FONCIER
USING A DIGITALISATION APPROACH TO OPTIMISING
POTENTIAL PROPERTY TAX REVENUES IN THE
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
UTILIZAR UMA ABORDAGEM DE DIGITALIZAÇÃO PARA
OPTIMIZAR O POTENCIAL IMPOSTO IMOBILIÁRIO
RECEITAS NA REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA DO CONGO
Luc Mwenelwata Butindi*
JEL classif ication : H21
RÉSUMÉ
L’optimisation de l’impôt foncier est bénéfique pour les investisseurs immobiliers,
mais peut favoriser le comportement d’évasion et de fraudes fiscales, qui réduit les
impôts à payer et particulièrement l’impôt foncier, par les opérateurs économiques,
si l’Etat lui-même ne met pas des garde-fous pour sécuriser ses droits. D’une part,
l’Etat doit au préala ble maitriser le nombre d’immeu bles par catégorie et ident ifier les
propriétai res fonciers à assujett ir. Grâce à la numérisation, l es administrations fis cales
vont changer le mode actuel, et recourir aux outils modernes de gestion comme ceux
utilisés dans d’autres pays. D’autre part, il doit inciter les investisseurs à construire
plus d’immeubles à appartements dans les localités de troisième et quatrième rang
pour bénéficier des allégements fiscaux sur ces propriétés foncières. Ces propositions
de solution appuyées des chiffres de la ville de Kinshasa prise comme exemple,
sont présentées dans cette approche, et permettent aux deux parties-prenantes
(fisc et contribuable) d’en tirer réciproquement un gain et réduire efficacement le
comportement ainsi décrié.
Mots-clés: Impôt foncier, évasion et fraude fiscales, numérisation fiscale,
optimisation fiscale, propriété foncière
ABSTRACT
Optimising property tax is beneficial for real estate investors but can also encourage
tax avoidanc e and fraud by economic operator s if the state does not put safeguards in
place to secure its rights. On the one hand, the state must first control the number
of buildings per category and identify the property owners to be taxed. Thanks
to digitalisation, tax administrations will change the current approach in favour of
modern management tools such as those used in othe r countries. On the other hand,
the state must encourage investors to build more apartment buildings in third- and
fourth-tier localities to benefit from the tax relief associated with these properties.
These proposed solutions, which are supported by f igures from the city of Kinshasa,
*Inspecteur des Impôts. Direction Générale des Impôts, RD CONGO. Master en Gestion,
Comptabilité OHADA et Audit: lucmwenelwata@gmail.com
(2022) 2 AMTJ 138
© Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd
APPROCHE SUR L’OPTIMISATION DU POTENTIEL DES RECETTES TIRÉES DE
L’IMPÔT FONCIER 139
https://doi.org/10.47348/AMTJ/V2/i1a8
are used as an example and presented in this article. It highlights that this approach
allows the two stakeholders (tax administration and taxpayers) to mutually benefit
while effectively reducing th e behaviour at fault.
Keywords: property tax, tax avoidance and evasion, tax digitisation, tax
optimisation, property ownership
RESUMO
A optimização do imposto predial é benéfica para os investidores imobiliários, mas
pode promover comportamentos de sonegação e fraude fiscal por parte dos operadores
económicos, caso o próprio Estado não coloque salvaguardas para garantir os seus
direitos. Por um lado, o Est ado deve primeiro domin ar o número de prédios existe ntes,
por categor ia, e identificar os propr ietários a serem trib utados. A digitalização per mite
às administrações tributárias mudar o seu modo actual de funcionamento, fazendo
uso de ferramentas de gestão modernas, como as usadas em outros países. Por outro
lado, as administrações tributárias devem incentivar os investidores a construir mais
edifícios de apartamentos em localidades de terceiro e quarto escalão para que lhes
permita ben eficiar de incentivos f iscais relativos a essas pro priedades. Estas proposta s
de soluções alicerçadas em dados da cidade de Kinshasa, tomadas como exemplo,
são apresentadas nesta abordagem que permite que ambas as partes interessadas
benefic iem e reduzam efetivamente os compor tamentos indesejados.
Palavras-chave: imposto predial, son egação, elisão e evasão fiscal , digitalização
fiscal, optimização fiscal, propriedade imobiliária
I INTRODUCTION
L’optimisation fiscale est perçue différemment selon que l’amélioration
du rendement de l’impôt se situe sur le prisme de l’État ou celui des
entreprises. Le plus souvent, l’État accorde certaines facilités fiscales
pour stimuler les investissements en octroyant des exonérations et
des amortissements dérogatoires en faveur des entreprises afin de leur
permettre d’accroitre leurs activités. En contrepartie, l’État gagne
directement à travers les prélèvements opérés soit sur les revenus
des entreprises, soit sur les revenus des tiers en relation avec elles.
Ces allégements fiscaux se commuent en une charge déductible en
faveur de l’entreprise.
Dans l’optique du contribuable, l’objectif visé est de minimiser son
impôt et ne supporter que le minimum ou pas de prélèvement du tout
sur les revenus de ses i nvestissements, de manière à rédui re sensiblement
l’assiette de l’imposition. Le plus souvent, l’entreprise bénéficiaire de
ces facilités l’étend sur l’exploitation des activités sous-traitées. C’est
dans ce cadre que les méthodes d’évasion fiscale ou de fraude fiscale
sont utilisées pour diminuer la charge fiscale.
© Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd

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