Union and National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee

JurisdictionSouth Africa
Citation1970 (1) SA 295 (A)

Union and National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee
1970 (1) SA 295 (A)

1970 (1) SA p295


Citation

1970 (1) SA 295 (A)

Court

Appèlafdeling

Judge

van Blerk AR, Ogilvie Thompson AR, Wessels AR, Jansen AR en Rabie Wn AR

Heard

September 8, 1969

Judgment

November 18, 1969

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde D

Nalatigheid — Persoonlike beserings opgedoen — Skadevergoeding — Bepaling E van — Hoë toekenning vir verlies van lewensgenietinge — Wanneer Appèlhof sal inmeng — Beginsels wat toegepas moet word — Eiser se willekeurige verandering van werk na die besering — Bepaling van skadevergoeding vir verlies van verdienvermoë — Beginsels wat toegepas moet word.

Headnote : Kopnota

In hoër beroep deur 'n versekeringsmaatskappy teen die quantum van F skadevergoeding weens persoonlike beserings wat 'n Provinsiale Afdeling aan respondent toegestaan het, is aangevoer, onder andere, dat die toekenning vir verlies aan lewensgenietinge te hoog is en verminder moet word.

Beslis, op die getuienis, dat die toekenning ongetwyfeld hoog is, maar dat die nodige mistasting of buitensporigheid om tot vermindering te lei nie aanwesig was nie.

Sandler v Wholesale Coal Suppliers, Ltd., 1941 AD 194 op bl. 200, G toegepas.

Beslis verder, egter, dat die toekenning vir inkorting van verdienvermoë verminder moet word.

Die omstandighede waarin 'n willekeurige verandering van werk ná 'n besering meebring dat, om 'n verlies van verdienvermoë te bepaal, die gevolglike ongeskiktheid aan die nuwe nering en nie aan die oorspronklike nering nie gemeet moet word, bespreek.

Die toekenning in die Kaapse Provinsiale Afdeling in Coetzee v Union and National Insurance Co. Ltd., toegestaan, verminder.

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Negligence — Bodily injuries sustained — Damages — Assessment of — High award for loss of amenities of life — When Appeal Court will interfere — Principles applicable — Plaintiff's voluntary change of occupation after the injury — Assessment of damages for loss of H earning capacity — Principles applicable.

Headnote : Kopnota

In an appeal by an insurance company against the quantum of an award for bodily injuries which had been granted to respondent in a Provincial Division it was contended, inter alia, that the award for loss of amenities of life was too high and should be reduced.

Held, on the evidence, that the award was undoubtedly high, but that the necessary misdirection or excessiveness, such as would lead to a reduction, was absent.

Sandler v Wholesale Coal Suppliers, Ltd., 1941 AD 194 at p. 200, applied.

Held further, however, that the award for loss of earning capacity should be reduced.

1970 (1) SA p296

The circumstances in which a voluntary change of occuaption after an injury are such that, in order to assess loss of earning capacity, the resultant disability should be measured with regard to the new occupation and not with regard to the original occupation, discussed.

The award granted in the Cape Provincial Division in Coetzee v Union and National Insurance Co. Ltd., reduced. A

Case Information

Appèl teen 'n beslissing in die Kaapse Provinsiale Afdeling (VAN ZIJL, R.). Feite wat nie van belang is nie is weggelaat.

L. A. Rose-Innes, namens die appellant: Die saak ontbreek totaal aan genoegsame getuienis van enige verlies van verdienste, of tot datum of B in die toekoms, en respondent het sy bewyslas om die feite te bewys wat tersake is ten opsigte van die quantum van sy verlies, nie vervul nie. Van der Westhuizen v Du Preez, 1928 T.P.D. te bl. 49; Goldie v City Council of Johannesburg, 1948 (2) SA te bl. 920; Moehlen v National Employers' Mutual, 1959 (2) SA te bl. 320; Naidoo v Auto C Protection Insurance Co. Ltd., 1963 (4) SA 798; Corbett & Buchanan, bl. 237 tot bl. 245. Vgl. die sake wat nie in die Hofverslae voorkom nie, maar waarna verwys word in Corbett & Buchanan, bl. 74, nota 2. Die Hof moes geen bedrag ten opsigte van toekomstige verlies aan inkomste toegeken het nie, want dit is nie bewys nie. In elk geval, is die algemene skadevergoeding wat toegeken is ten opsigte van pyn en lyding, D verlies van inkomste, ongeskiktheid en verlies aan lewensgenietinge onmatig hoog as in aanmerking geneem word die aard van die besering wat opgedoen is en die gevolge daarvan.

W. Vivier, namens die respondent: Die Verhoorregter het ten opsigte van algemene skadevergoeding 'n wye diskresie om sodanige vergoeding toe te E ken as wat hy onder die besondere omstandighede van 'n bepaalde saak as reg en billik beskou. Swart v Provincial Insurance Co. Ltd., 1963 (2) SA op bl. 633; Parity Insurance Co. Ltd v van den Bergh, 1966 (4) SA op bl. 478H. Die Hof van appèl sal gevolglik nie ingryp nie tensy dit blyk dat die Verhoorregter relevante omstandighede nie in ag geneem F het nie, of omstandighede wat nie relevant is nie wel in ag geneem het, of indien die bedrag van skadevergoeding buitensporig of oordrewe hoog of laag is. Sandler v Wholesale Coal Suppliers Ltd., 1941 AD op bl. 199-200; Frodsham v Aetna Insurance Co. Ltd., 1959 (2) SA op bl. 282C-G; Sigournay v Gillbanks, 1960 (2) SA op bl. 555-556, 588; Bruwer v Joubert, 1966 (3) SA op bl. 388E-F. Wat betref die bedrag G van skadevergoeding toegeken onder die sub-hoof 'toekomstige verlies van inkomste' word daarop gewys dat dit in gevalle soos die huidige uit die aard van die saak nie moontlik of gepas is om 'n toekenning te maak op die basis van 'n matematiese berekening nie. Hierdie feit verhoed egter nie die Hof om wel 'n toekenning te maak nie hoewel die bedrag in H so 'n geval noodwendig 'n rowwe skatting, 'an estimation rather than a calculation' Sandler v Wholesale Coal Suppliers Ltd., supra op bl. 198-199, moet wees, of soos dit gestel is: 'an informed guess', Anthony and Another v Cape Town Municipality, 1967 (4) SA op bl. 451B-C;

1970 (1) SA p297

'necessarily be a mere estimate', Phil Morkel Ltd v Lawson and Kirk, 1955 (3) SA op bl. 257E; op 'n arbitrêre basis gedoen moet word, Wells et Uxor v Shield Insurance Co. Ltd., 1966 CPD (gerapporteer in Corbett and Buchanan, The Quantum of Damages op bl. 653). Sien verder A Turkstra v Richards, 1926 T.P.D. op bl. 283; Oosthuizen v Thompson and Son, 1919 T.P.D. op bl. 130; Whitfield v Phillips and Another, 1957 (3) SA op bl. 345; Pitt v Economic Insurance Co. Ltd., 1957 (3) SA 284; Palmer v SA Mutual Fire and General Ins. Co. (1964 D & C.L.D., gerapporteer in Corbett and Buchanan, bl. 327); Burns v Dollar and B Dollar, (1953, S.R. gerapporteer in Corbett and Buchanan op bl. 246).

Met betrekking tot die kritiek wat deur die Verhoorregter op die respondent se syfers uitgespreek is, word verder op die gesag van sake soos Sandler v Wholesale Coal Suppliers Ltd., supra op bl. 198; Oosthuizen v Thompson and Son, supra op bl. 130, daarop gewys dat die C feit dat die Hof nie veel hulp mag kry van syfers wat voor hom geplaas word nie, of die feit dat die syfers deur 'n eiser genoem deur die Hof as te hoog beskou mag word, nie die Hof verhinder om wel 'n toekenning te maak nie sonder dat daar noodwendig direkte laer...

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24 practice notes
  • General Accident Insurance Co SA Ltd v Summers; Southern Versekeringsassosiasie Bpk v Carstens NO; General Accident Insurance Co SA Ltd v Nhlumayo
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...(see Santam E Versekeringsmaatskappy Bpk v Byleveldt 1973 (2) SA 146 (A) at 150B - C; Union & National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A) at 300H; Commercial Union Assurance Co of SA Ltd v Stanley 1973 (1) SA 699 (A) at 705A; Dippenaar v Shield Insurance Co Ltd 1979 (2) SA 904 (......
  • Rudman v Road Accident Fund
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...Versekeringsmaatskappy Bpk v Byleveldt 1973 (2) SA 146 (A): F dictum at 150B-D applied Union and National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A): distinguished but dictum at 300A applied Union Government (Minister of Railways and Harbours) v Warneke 1911 AD 657: dictum at 665 applie......
  • Griffiths v Mutual & Federal Insurance Co Ltd
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...Buchanan The Quantum of Damages in Bodily and Fatal Injury Cases vol III 716 at 728, 730; Union National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A) at 300H-301A; Southern Insurance Association Ltd v Bailey NO 1984 (1) SA 98 (A) at 113A, 113G-114D; Roxa v Mtshayi 1975 (3) SA 761 (A) at 7......
  • Carstens NO v Southern Insurance Association Ltd
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...Versekeringsmaatskappy Bpk v D Byleveldt 1973 (2) SA 146 (A) at 150B - C; and also Union and National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A); Commercial Union Assurance Co of SA Ltd and Another v Stanley 1973 (1) SA 699 (A) at 705A; Dippenaar v Shield Insurance Co Ltd 1979 (2) SA 90......
  • Request a trial to view additional results
24 cases
  • General Accident Insurance Co SA Ltd v Summers; Southern Versekeringsassosiasie Bpk v Carstens NO; General Accident Insurance Co SA Ltd v Nhlumayo
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...(see Santam E Versekeringsmaatskappy Bpk v Byleveldt 1973 (2) SA 146 (A) at 150B - C; Union & National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A) at 300H; Commercial Union Assurance Co of SA Ltd v Stanley 1973 (1) SA 699 (A) at 705A; Dippenaar v Shield Insurance Co Ltd 1979 (2) SA 904 (......
  • Rudman v Road Accident Fund
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...Versekeringsmaatskappy Bpk v Byleveldt 1973 (2) SA 146 (A): F dictum at 150B-D applied Union and National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A): distinguished but dictum at 300A applied Union Government (Minister of Railways and Harbours) v Warneke 1911 AD 657: dictum at 665 applie......
  • Griffiths v Mutual & Federal Insurance Co Ltd
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...Buchanan The Quantum of Damages in Bodily and Fatal Injury Cases vol III 716 at 728, 730; Union National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A) at 300H-301A; Southern Insurance Association Ltd v Bailey NO 1984 (1) SA 98 (A) at 113A, 113G-114D; Roxa v Mtshayi 1975 (3) SA 761 (A) at 7......
  • Carstens NO v Southern Insurance Association Ltd
    • South Africa
    • Invalid date
    ...Versekeringsmaatskappy Bpk v D Byleveldt 1973 (2) SA 146 (A) at 150B - C; and also Union and National Insurance Co Ltd v Coetzee 1970 (1) SA 295 (A); Commercial Union Assurance Co of SA Ltd and Another v Stanley 1973 (1) SA 699 (A) at 705A; Dippenaar v Shield Insurance Co Ltd 1979 (2) SA 90......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

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