Assessment of the impact of electronic fiscal devices on compliance and VAT collection in Malawi

JurisdictionSouth Africa
Published date16 February 2021
Citation(2021) 1 AMTJ 1
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.47348/AMTJ/2021/i1a1
Pages1-21
AuthorKenani, J.M.
Date16 February 2021
1
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC FISCAL
DEVICES ON COMPLIANCE AND VAT COLLECTION IN
MALAWI
ÉVALUATION DE L'IMPACT DES DISPOSITIFS FISCAUX
ÉLECTRONIQUES SUR LA CONFORMITÉ ET LA COLLECTE
DE LA TVA AU MALAWI
AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO DOS DISPOSITIVOS FISCAIS
ELETRÔNICOS NA CONFORMIDADE E COLETA DE IVA EM
MALAWI
James Manuel Kenani*
Michael Masiya
Mercy Samantha Njolomole
JEL Classification:H20, H24, H25
https://doi.org/10.47348/AMTJ/2021/i1a1
ABSTRACT
The study examined the effectiveness of using electronic fiscal devices (EFDs) in
revenue collection and compliance. The study used a quantitative approach for the
analysis. Timely filing of tax returns was used as a measure of compliance whereas
value-added tax (VAT) revenue collection as a percentage of gross domestic product
(GDP) was employed as a measure of revenue collection performance. The data
used for the analysis covered July 2005 to June 2019. A sample of 318 taxpayers
was used for the analysis of the level of compliance and revenue collection. The
sample included a segment of 244 taxpayers using EFDs and 74 taxpayers without
EFDs all being s mall and medium taxpayers. Th e results indicated that using VAT
collection ha s not increased revenue coll ection in the period under r eview as evidenced
by a decline after the EFDs were rolled out. The study also found that the mean of
growth of VAT revenues in the two periods (pre- and post-EFD implementation)
does not reveal any significant difference. We found that taxpayers may be inf lating
purchases to reduce their tax liability and increase their VAT claims as evidenced by
the signific ance of the change in purchases in pre- and post-EF D periods ‒ the same
was evident in sales fluctuations. We further found that the sales-purchases gap is
not differen t between the two periods. In th e case of the compliance rate, the f indings
revealed that EFDs have not been effective in increasing compliance, as shown by a
decrease in timely filing of tax returns in the post-EFD era. The study, therefore,
concludes that the deployme nt of EFDs has not resulted in increased VAT collection
*Manager-Tax Policy Analysis & Strategy, Policy Planning & Research Division, Malawi
Revenue Authority: jkenani@mra.mw
Researcher, Research Division, African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF): mmasiya@
ataftax.org
Manager-Research & Statistics, Policy Planning & Research Division, Malawi Revenue
Authority: mnjolomole@mra.mw
(2021) 1 AMTJ 1
© Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd
2 AFRICAN MULTIDISCIPLINARY TAX JOURNAL
and compliance during the study period. The study, therefore, recommends that the
Authority should c onsider a system that should pair sa les and purchases. Furt her, the
Authority should endeavour to understand the reasons why more taxpayers do not
submit returns on time despite hav ing EFDs.
Keywords:compliance, electronic fiscal devices, electronic tax
registers, value-added tax
RÉSUMÉ
L’étude a examiné l’efficacité de l’utilisation des dispositifs fiscaux électroniques
(DFE) dans la perception des recettes et la discipline fiscale. L’étude a utilisé une
approche quantitative pour l’analyse. Le respect des délais de dépôt des déclarations
fiscale s a été utilisé comme mesure de disci pline fiscale, tandis que la p erception de la
taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA) en pourcentage du produit intérieur brut (PIB) a
été utilisée comme mesure de performance de la perception des recettes. Les données
utilisées pour l’analyse couvraient la période de juillet 2005 à juin 2019. Un
échantillon de 318 contrib uables a été utilisé pour l’analyse du niveau de l a discipline
fiscale et de la collecte des recettes. L’échantillon comprenait 244 contribuables
utilisant les DFE et 74 contribuables sans DFE, tous issus de la catégorie des
petits et moyens contribuables. Les résultats indiquent qu’en utilisant la collecte de
la TVA en pourcentage du PIB, les DFE n’ont pas augmenté le recouvrement des
recettes au cours de la période considérée, comme le montre la tendance à la baisse
après la mise en place des DFE. L’étude a également révélé que la moyenne de la
croissance des recettes de la TVA au cours des deux périodes (avant et après la mise
en œuvre des DFE) ne révèle pas de différence significative. En ce qui concerne les
achats, nous avons constaté que les contribuables peuvent gonfler leurs achats pour
réduire leurs obligations fiscales et augmenter leurs demandes de TVA, comme en
témoigne l’importance de la variation des achats au cours des périodes précédant et
suivant la mise en pla ce des DFE - il en va de même pour les f luctuations de s ventes.
Nous avons également constaté que l’écart entre les ventes et les achats n’est pas
différent entre les deux périodes. En ce qui concerne le taux de discipline fiscale, les
conclusions ont révélé que les DFE n’ont pas été efficaces pour accroître la discipline
fiscale, comme le montre la baisse du dépôt des déclarations de recettes dans les
délais requis po ur la période suivant les DFE. Pa r conséquent, l’étude conclut que le
déploiement d es DFE n’a pas entraîné une a ugmentation de la percep tion de la TVA
et de la discipline fiscale au cours de la période étudiée. L’étude recommande donc
à l’Administration fiscale d’envisager un système permettant de combiner les ventes
et les achats. En outre, l’Administration fiscale devrait s’efforcer de comprendre les
raisons pour lesq uelles un plus grand nombre de co ntribuables ne soumett ent pas leurs
déclarations à temps malgré l’existen ce des DFE.
Mots-clés: discipline fiscale, dispositifs fiscaux électroniques, registres fiscaux
électroniques, taxe sur la valeur ajoutée
© Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd

Get this document and AI-powered insights with a free trial of vLex and Vincent AI

Get Started for Free

Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial

Transform your legal research with vLex

  • Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform

  • Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues

  • Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options

  • Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions

  • Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms

  • Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations

vLex

Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial

Transform your legal research with vLex

  • Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform

  • Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues

  • Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options

  • Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions

  • Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms

  • Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations

vLex

Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial

Transform your legal research with vLex

  • Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform

  • Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues

  • Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options

  • Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions

  • Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms

  • Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations

vLex

Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial

Transform your legal research with vLex

  • Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform

  • Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues

  • Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options

  • Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions

  • Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms

  • Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations

vLex

Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial

Transform your legal research with vLex

  • Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform

  • Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues

  • Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options

  • Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions

  • Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms

  • Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations

vLex

Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial

Transform your legal research with vLex

  • Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform

  • Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues

  • Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options

  • Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions

  • Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms

  • Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations

vLex