Strydom en 'n Ander v De Lange en 'n Ander

JurisdictionSouth Africa
JudgeCillié RP en FS Steyn R
Judgment Date11 December 1969
Hearing Date30 October 1969
Citation1970 (2) SA 6 (T)
CourtTransvaal Provincial Division

Strydom en 'n Ander v De Lange en 'n Ander
1970 (2) SA 6 (T)

1970 (2) SA p6


Citation

1970 (2) SA 6 (T)

Court

Transvaalse Provinsiale Afdeling

Judge

Cillié RP en FS Steyn R

Heard

October 30, 1969

Judgment

December 11, 1969

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Uitsetting — Erf deur genomineerde van eienaar gehou — Erf in naam van genomineerde as blote genomineerde geregistreer — Genomineerde as agent aangestel om huis wat op erf gebou is te verhuur of te verkoop — Instemming van eienaar nodig — Huis deur agent verkoop — Weiering van eienaar om instemming te gee — Huis geokkupeer — Huis daarna deur eienaar se skoonseun geokkupeer — Agent en koper vra om uitsetting — Regte van eienaar — Aard van — Regte van eienaar en onskuldige derde party voor transport — Eienaar het voorkeur — Koste — Prokureur en kliënt-skaal — Wanneer beveel.

Headnote : Kopnota

Volgens 'n informele mondelinge trust-ooreenkoms tussen eerste appellant en tweede respondent is 'n erf deur eerste appellant as die genomineerde van tweede respondent gekoop. Die erf is in die naam van die genomineerde as blote genomineerde geregistreer. Eerste appellant het ook as die agent van die tweede respondent opgetree kragtens 'n mandaat om die erf waarop 'n huis deur die tweede respondent gebou is te verhuur of te verkoop onderhewig aan die tweede respondent se voorafverkreë instemming. Eerste appellant het 'n koopakte met tweede appellant aangegaan waardeur hy die erf aan hom verkoop het en het advies van die verkoping aan tweede respondent gegee en kommissie geëis. Tweede respondent het geweier om die verkoping goed te keur en hy het eerste appellant se reg weerspreek om sonder sy instemming met die eiendom te handel en het aan hom kennis gegee dat hy voorneme was om self transport van die eiendom te neem en om dit, na ontruiming deur die destydse huurder, te okkupeer. Die huurder het die eiendom ontruim en dit is deur die eerste respondent wat die skoonseun van die tweede respondent is geokkupeer. Eerste appellant het ex parte aansoek gedoen om 'n interdik teen die eerste respondent, en 'n bevel is uitgereik wat hom gelas het om die eiendom te ontruim. Dié bevel het as 'n tussentydse interdik gegeld. Toe dié bevel aan die eerste respondent bestel is, het hy dadelik 'n ex parte aansoek gedoen om 'n spoliasie-bevel op grond van die verstoring van sy vreedsame besit en het 'n tussentydse spoliasie-bevel verkry. Die tweede respondent is op skriftelike aansoek as 'n party gevoeg terwyl die tweede appellant by die verhoor aansoek gedoen het om met die eerste appellant gevoeg te word. Op grond van eerste appellant se mala fides het die landdros geweier om 'n bevel van spoliasie aan die eerste appellant te gee, en die tussentydse bevel ten gunste van die eerste respondent is bekragtig met koste op prokureur en kliënt-skaal. In hoër beroep,

Beslis, dat die tweede respondent as genotseienaar die wetlike besit van die erf gehad het, 'n reg afdwingbaar teenoor sy genomineerde, en dat

die eerste appellant slegs die blote dominium in die erf gehou het, onderhewig aan sy verpligtings kragtens die informele trust.

Beslis, verder, dat die regte van tweede respondent en tweede appellant teenoor mekaar opgeweeg mag word soos die persoonlike regte van twee verskillende kopers wat dieselfde eiendom van dieselfde verkoper gekoop het.

Beslis, dus dat, voor transport, kry die ouer persoonlike reg voorkeur en daar is geen pit in die argument dat besit aan die tweede appellant

gegee moet word as onskuldige derde party nieteenstaande dat die respondente in wettige besit van die eiendom is en geregtig sou wees op 'n interdik om te verhinder dat die eerste appellant die eiendom aan die tweede appellant transporteer in plaas van aan dietweede respondent nie.

Beslis, verder, aangesien die bevel van koste binne die diskresie van die landdros gegee is, dat die Hof nie ligtelik daarmee sal inmeng nie.

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Ejectment — Erf held by nominee for owner — Erf registered in name of nominee as bare nominee — Nominee appointed agent to lease or sell house built on erf — Consent of owner necessary — House sold by agent — Refusal of owner to give his consent — House occupied — House thereafter occupied by owner's son-in-law — Agent and purchaser seeking ejectment — Rights of owner — Nature of — Rights of owner and innocent third party before transfer — Owner has priority — Costs — Attorney and client scale — When ordered.

Headnote : Kopnota

In terms of an informal verbal trust agreement between first appellant and second respondent an erf was purchased by the first appellant as the nominee of second respondent. This erf was registered in the name of the nominee as mere nominee. First appellant was also appointed the agent of the second

1970 (2) SA p7

respondent in terms of a mandate to lease or sell the house built on the erf by the second respondent subject to the prior consent of the second respondent. The first appellant entered into an agreement with second appellant in terms of which he sold the erf and advised the second respondent of the sale and claimed commission. Second respondent refused to confirm the sale and denied first appellant's right to deal with the property without his consent and notified him that it was his intention to take transfer of the property himself and to occupy it after the present tenant had vacated it. The tenant vacated the property and it was occupied by the first respondent, who was second respondent's son-in-law. First appellant applied ex parte for an interdict against the first respondent and an order was issued calling upon him to vacate the property. This order served as a temporary interdict. When the order was served upon the first respondent he immediately applied ex parte for a spoliation order on the ground that he was disturbed in his peaceful possession and obtained a temporary spoliation order. The second respondent was joined as a party on a written application while the second appellant applied at the hearing to be joined as a party with first appellant. Because of first respondent's mala fides the magistrate had refused to grant a spoliation order to the first appellant and had confirmed the temporary order in favour of the first respondent with costs on the attorney and client scale. In an appeal,

Held, that the second respondent as beneficial owner had lawful possession of the erf, a right which was enforceable against his nominee, the first appellant, and that the latter merely had te bare dominium of the erf subject to his duties in terms of the informal trust.

Held, further, that the rights of the second respondent and the second appellant might be weighed against each other in the same way as the personal rights of two separate purchasers who had purchased the same property from the same seller.

Held, accordingly, that, before transfer, the prior personal right had preference and there was no substance in the argument that possession should be given to the second appellant as innocent third party notwithstanding that the respondents were in lawful possession of the property and would be entitled to an interdict to restrain the first appellant from passing transfer to the second appellant instead of to the second respondent.

Held, further, as the order as to costs was within the discretion of the magistrate, that the Court would not lightly interfere therewith.

1970 (2) SA p8

Case Information

Appèl teen 'n beslissing in 'n landdroshof. Die feite blyk uit die uitspraak.

W. J. Hartzenberg, namens die appellante.

C. P. Joubert, namens die respondente: Die feit dat Strydom die A geregistreerde eienaar van die erf is, bring nie mee dat hy noodwendig ook die besitter daavan is nie, D. 41.2.12.1; van Leeuwen, Censura Forensis, 1.2.2.2; R v Kumalo, 1949 (1) SA te bl. 624. Die feit dat die erf in Strydom se naam persoonlik getransporteer is sonder om aan te B dui dat hy dit in 'n verteenwoordigende hoedanigheid as trustee ten behoewe en tot voordeel van Moll hou, het regtens die volgende gevolge: (i) Strydom in sy private hoedanigheid is die alleen dominus van die erf, Lucas' Trustee v Ismail & Amod, 1905 T.S. te bl. 244; Khamissa v Mahomed, 1913 T.P.D. te bl. 600. (ii) Indien Strydom insolvent sou raak, sal die erf 'n bate in sy insolvente boedel vorm; Lucas se saak. (iii) C Indien Strydom die erf sou transporteer aan 'n bona fide koper wat onbewus daarvan is dat Strydom die erf ten behoewe en tot voordeel van Moll hou dan word die bona fide koper die absolute eienaar van die erf en het Moll geen kontraktuele regte teen hom nie; Fry's (Pty.) Ltd v Ries, 1957 (3) SA 575; Ridley v Gartner, 1920 T.P.D. 249; Murphy v. D Labuschagne, 1903 T.S. 393. Indien Strydom derhalwe in stryd met sy ooreenkoms met Moll die erf aan 'n bona fide koper sou transporteer, is laasgenoemde nie gebind deur die...

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