S v Swartz; S v Longane
| Jurisdiction | South Africa |
| Court | Northern Cape Division |
| Judge | Buys R |
| Judgment Date | 14 February 2002 |
| Citation | 2002 (1) SACR 591 (NC) |
| Hearing Date | 14 February 2002 |
Buys R:
[1] Ek bespreek hierdie twee sake omdat die probleme wat in die sake ontstaan dieselfde is en altwee die beskuldigdes deur dieselfde G streeklanddros skuldig bevind is aan verkragting van 'n meisie onder die ouderdom van 16 jaar.
[2] In altwee die gevalle is die beskuldigdes dus skuldig bevind aan 'n misdryf in Deel I van Bylae 2 van die Strafregwysigingswet 105 van 1997 ('die Wet'). Altwee die beskuldigdes moet ingevolge die H bepalings van art 51(1)(a) van die Wet gevonnis word tot lewenslange gevangenisstraf behalwe as daar wesenlike en dwingende omstandighede bestaan wat die oplegging van 'n mindere vonnis regverdig. Die streekhof het nie die regsbevoegdheid om lewenslange gevangenisstraf op te lê nie en het ingevolge art 52(1)(b) die verrigtinge gestaak en na die Hooggeregshof, wat in die Wet 'n I 'Hoë Hof' genoem word, verwys vir vonnisoplegging.
[3] Eerstens is dit nodig om kommentaar te lewer oor die praktyk wat deur die Direkteur van Openbare Vervolging gevolg word om 'n beskuldigde in die streekhof te vervolg, wat, indien hy skuldig bevind word, kwalifiseer vir 'n voorgeskrewe minimum vonnis wat buite die J
Buys R
regsbevoegdheid van die streekhof val. Die Direkteur van Openbare A Vervolging is geregtig om 'n beskuldigde so te vervolg. Sien Director of Public Prosecutions (Kwazulu-Natal) v Regional Magistrate, Mtubatuba 2002 (1) SASV 31 (N).
[4] Of dit wenslik is om sodanige beskuldigdes in die streekhof te vervolg en in die Hooggeregshof te vonnis is deur die Volbank van hierdie Hof bespreek in S v Snyders 2000 (2) SASV 125 (NK) waar die volgende gesê is op 120e - g: B
'In the instant case I fail to understand why the accused, as he then was, was not in the first place charged in the High Court. The prosecutor, if one considers the charge sheet, had knowledge of the fact that the complainant was a 12-year-old child and, in my view, should have referred the matter to the Director of Public Prosecutions C to ensure that the matter will be placed before the High Court.
It is, in my view, incumbent upon the prosecutorial authorities to ensure, insofar as this is possible, that in those instances where sentences in excess of the regional court jurisdiction could probably be imposed that the matter be placed before the appropriate court. It is always desirable that the court which is faced with the ultimate D task of imposing sentence should itself hear all the evidence. It is especially so in light of the requirements of s 51(3) to be able to satisfy itself throughout the trial and not only through the sentencing stage as to the presence or absence of the circumstances referred to in that section.'
[5] Die Wet is al male sonder tal deur die Howe gekritiseer as 'n onelegante en ondeurdagte stuk wetgewing. In hierdie maand se Hofverslae word daar weereens kritiek gelewer teen die bewoording van E die Wet en word daarop gewys dat die Wet regsonsekerheid in die hand werk. S v Olkers 2002 (1) SASV 179 (K) op 182d - 183i.
[6] In die Olkers-saak is onder andere ook kritiek gelewer oor die onnodige vertraging om die saak vir vonnis in die Hooggeregshof te kry. Sodanige kritiek is ook in die onderhawige geval F geregverdig.
[7] In saaknr RCO 35/2001 het die beskuldigde David Swartz na bewering die misdaad op 15 Julie 2000 gepleeg. Die saak het in aanvang geneem in die streekhof op 12 Maart 2001 en op 20 Julie 2001 is die beskuldigde skuldig bevind. Byna sewe maande later is die saak eers vir vonnis in die Hooggeregshof ter rolle geplaas. G
[8] In saaknr RCO 47/00 het die beskuldigde Vincent Longane die misdryf na bewering gepleeg op 3 Maart 1999, dws byna drie jaar gelede. Die saak het in die streekhof begin op 31 Oktober 2000, dws een jaar en agt maande nadat die beskuldigde op die dag van die beweerde misdryf in hegtenis geneem is. Op 17 Julie 2001 is die beskuldigde skuldig bevind. Sewe maande later is die saak ter rolle H geplaas vir vonnis.
[9] Die beskuldigde Swartz is nou reeds een jaar en sewe maande verhoor- en vonnis afwagtend in die gevangenis en die beskuldigde Longwane byna drie jaar. En nou begin die vonnisproses eers. Ingevolge art 52(3)(h) van die Wet kan hierdie Hof indien daar twyfel is of die verrigtinge ooreenkomstig die reg is, die streeklanddros wat by die verhoor voorgesit het vra om 'n I uiteensetting van sy of haar redes vir die skuldigbevinding.
[10] In altwee hierdie gevalle is ek van...
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...S v Mangesi 1999 (2) SACR 570 (E) at583; S v Snyders (n 8) 132; S v Olkers 2002 (1) SACR 179 (C) at 182–3; S v Swartz;S v Longane 2002 (1) SACR591 (NC) at 593e(‘onelegante en ondeurdagte stuk wetgewing’);S v Sukwazi 2002 (1) SACR 619 (N) at 623g-h(‘ill-conceived and badly drafted’); S v Jim......
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...112; 229; 390S v Swart 2004 (2) SACR 370 (SCA) ........................................................ 120S v Swartz 2002 (1) SACR 591 (NC) ........................................................ 112S v Taljaard 2005 (1) SACR 370 (C) .............................................................
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Mandatory and minimum sentences: Considering s 51 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1997
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2005 index
...112; 229; 390S v Swart 2004 (2) SACR 370 (SCA) ........................................................ 120S v Swartz 2002 (1) SACR 591 (NC) ........................................................ 112S v Taljaard 2005 (1) SACR 370 (C) .............................................................
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Case Review: Sentencing
...criticism of the wording of the Act (cf S v Ibrahim 1999 (1) SACR 106 (C) 114; S v Mangesi 1999 (2) SACR 570 (E) 583; S v Swartz 2002 (1) SACR 591 (NC) 593e;S v Sukwazi 2002 (1) SACR 619 (N) at 623g–h, for a few of many examples), very little is actually to be learnt from this construction ......