S v Kritzinger en 'n Ander

JurisdictionSouth Africa
JudgeVan Zijl Wn RP en Baker Wn R
Judgment Date03 November 1972
Citation1973 (1) SA 596 (C)
Hearing Date29 August 1972
CourtCape Provincial Division

Baker, Wn - R.:

B Hierdie is 'n appèl teen die skuldigbevinding van, en vonnisse opgelê op, die twee appellante deur die landdros van Joubertina op 29 Maart 1972, weens 'n beweerde oortreding van art. 7 (9) van Wet 27 van 1882 (die s.g. 'Police Offences Act, 1882,' van die C destydse Kaapkolonie). Die appellante, onderskeidelik vader en seun, is aangekla van die misdryf van

'hond aansit, aanspoor of toelaat om persoon aan te val of te hinder'

deurdat op of omtrent die 25ste dag van Januarie 1972 en te of naby

Nuweplaas hulle

'wederregtelik en onwettiglik honde aangesit, aangespoor of toegelaat (het) om 'n persoon, te wete, Piet Klaassen aan te val of te hinder'.

D Albei appellante het onskuldig gepleit maar is skuldig bevind. Eerste appellant (die vader) is met R25 beboet, of by wanbetaling tot 25 dae gevangenisstraf gevonnis; tweede appellant (sy seun) is gewaarsku en ontslaan.

Appellante kom nou in hoër beroep op twee gronde wat later uiteengesit word.

E Die toepaslike statuut is alleenlik in Engels opgestel. Die bepaling wat na bewering oortree is, lui soos volg:

'7.

Any person guilty of any of the following acts or offences, shall upon conviction in respect of each act or offence, be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds, or in default of payment to be imprisoned with or without hard labour for a F period not exceeding three months, unless such penalty be sooner paid:

(9)

Setting or urging or permitting any dog or other animal to attack or worry any person, horse or other animal, or by ill-usage or negligence in driving any cattle causing any damage or hurt to be done by such cattle...'

Die klagte soos opgestel verg twee kommentare: eerstens, dat 'n juister G weergawe van die tersaaklike woorde van para. (9) van art. 7 sou gewees het

'honde aangehits, aangespoor of toegelaat het om... aan te val of te karnuffel'

aangesien die Engelse woord 'worry' in bedoelde paragraaf 'hap', 'byt' of 'karnuffel' beteken en nie 'lastig val' of 'hinder' nie; en tweedens, H dat dit wenslik is, alhoewel nie verpligtend nie, dat wanneer 'n aanklaer 'n klagte formuleer ingevolge wetsbepalings waarop art. 333 bis van Wet 56 van 1955 van toepassing is, hy in bedoelde klagte na hierdie artikel verwys. Die besonderhede van die huidige aanklag, bv., sou kon gelees het ''n oortreding van art. 7 (9) van Wet 27 van

Baker Wn R

1882, Deel II saamgelees met art. 333 bis (1) van Wet 56 van 1955' in plaas van ''n oortreding van art. 7 (9) van Wet 27 van 1882, Deel II' soos hy op die oomblik lees.

Daar was in hierdie vervolging geen sprake van

'setting or urging... any dog... to attack or worry any person'.

A Die enigste vraag wat beslis moes word was of die appellante

'permitted any dog... to attack or worry any person...'.

(of soos dit in vertaling gestel is), die appellante

'honde... toegelaat het om 'n persoon... aan te val of te (karnuffel)'.

Ek meen dat 'toelaat' 'n juiste vertaling van 'permit' is (die woord is B aldus vertaal in die mynregulasies wat in R. v Joao, 1959 (1) SA 563 (O), onder bespreking was) alhoewel 'toelaat' ook 'n juiste vertaling is van die Engelse 'allow' of 'suffer'.

Art. 7 (9) van Wet 27 van 1882 (K) vind sy herkoms in twee Engelse Wette, eerstens in 2 en 3 Vict., Chap. 47 (Metropolitan Police Act, C 1839), en tweedens in 10 en 11 Vict. Chap. 89 (Town Police Clauses Act, 1847). Art. 54 (2) van die Metropolitan Police Act, 1839, het 'n boete van 'forty shillings' voorgeskryf vir enigiemand wat, binne die perke van die 'Metropolitan Police Districts',

'suffer(ed) to be at large any unmuzzled ferocious dog, or set on or urge(d) any dog or other animal to attack, worry, or put in fear any person, horse or other animal'.

D Art. 54 (3) handel met persone wat

'by negligence or ill-usage in driving cattle shall cause any mischief to be done by such cattle...'.

Dergelike bepalings is ook te vind in art. 28 van die Town Police Clauses Act, 1847.

E In die geval van 'n beskuldigde wat daarvan beskuldig word dat hy 'n handeling 'permit' (toegelaat) het, moet bewys word dat hy kennis (werklike of toegeskrewe) van die handeling gedra het, en daartoe toegestem het of hom daarby berus het. Na my mening stem die Engelse reg en ons eie reg in hierdie opsig ooreen. In die Engelse reg moet die beskuldigde in die eerste instansie, kennis dra van die handeling F waarvan hy gekla word, maar daadwerklike kennis is nie nodig nie; dit is voldoende as daar bewys word dat die beskuldigde behoort te geweet het maar inderdaad nie geweet het nie, omrede hy sy oë toegemaak het vir dit wat ooglopend was, of sy dienaar toegelaat het om iets te doen onder omstandighede waar 'n oortreding waarskynlik sou plaasvind, onverskillig G of die oortreding sou plaasvind aldan nie (Edwards, bl. 98 - 122, veral op bl. 103 - 4; bl. 106 (met aanhaling van Goldsmith v Deakin, (1934) 150 L.T. 157) bl. 118 - 9; en James & Son Ltd. v Small (1954) 3 All E.R. 273 (Q.B.D.)). Die gewysdes deur Edwards bespreek, en Goldsmith en James se sake dui duidelik daarop dat toegeskrewe kennis voldoende is.

'If a person (die eienaar) hires out a vehicle in circumstances in which H he ought to know that it probably will or may be used as a stage carriage (d.w.s. vir publieke vervoer doeleindes), and puts his servant in charge of that vehicle to use it in any way in which the hirer may choose to direct the servant to use it, then he is, within the meaning of this statute, permitting it to be used as a stage carriage without the proper and appropriate licence.'

(Per AVORY, J., in Goldsmith se saak, supra bl. 158, kol. 1).

'Although the respondent may not have known affirmatively the way in which the vehicle was being used, if in fact he allowed it to be used and did not care whether it was used...

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12 practice notes
  • S v Mbatha en Andere
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 27 November 1986
    ...815A - B and 815G - H; S v Mdluli and Others 1972 (2) SA 839 (A) at 841A - C; S v P 1972 (3) SA 412 (A) at 416C - F; S v H Kritzinger 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) at 602D - E; S v Bvuure 1974 (1) SA 208 (R) at 212A; S v X 1974 (1) SA 344 (RA) at 348D - G; S v Grove-Mitchell 1975 (3) SA 417 (A) at 41......
  • Amalgamated Beverage Industries Natal (Pty) Ltd v Durban City Council
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 22 February 1994
    ...(1) SA 563 (O) at 566D-E; R v Davidson 1910 TPD 1236 at 1240; S v Mathebula 1972 (1) SA 495 (T) at 497G; S v Kritzinger en 'n Ander 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) at 599; Milton and Cowling South African Criminal Law and Procedure vol 3 at 34; Smith and Hogan Criminal Law 6th ed at 124-7; S v De Blom ......
  • S v Sethoga and Others
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 12 September 1989
    ...(A) at 422; S v Henning 1964 (1) SA 703 (O); R v Karg 1961 (1) SA 231 (A); R v Komo 1947 (2) SA 508 (N); S v Kritzinger en 'n Ander J 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) 1990 (1) SA p271 A at 602; S v Mapatsi 1976 (4) SA 721 (A); S v Mienies 1978 (4) SA 560 (A) at 562; S v Mlangeni 1976 (1) SA 528 (T); S v......
  • Amalgamated Beverage Industries Natal (Pty) Ltd v City Council of Durban
    • South Africa
    • Appellate Division
    • 22 February 1994
    ...has knowledge of its commission (cf also Cape Town Council v Benning 1917 AD 315 at 319). As indicated in S v F Kritzinger en 'n Ander 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) at 598E, permission implies knowledge of the relevant act coupled with consent or acquiescence. In R v Davidson 1910 TPD 1236 at 1240, i......
  • Get Started for Free
12 cases
  • S v Mbatha en Andere
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 27 November 1986
    ...815A - B and 815G - H; S v Mdluli and Others 1972 (2) SA 839 (A) at 841A - C; S v P 1972 (3) SA 412 (A) at 416C - F; S v H Kritzinger 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) at 602D - E; S v Bvuure 1974 (1) SA 208 (R) at 212A; S v X 1974 (1) SA 344 (RA) at 348D - G; S v Grove-Mitchell 1975 (3) SA 417 (A) at 41......
  • Amalgamated Beverage Industries Natal (Pty) Ltd v Durban City Council
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 22 February 1994
    ...(1) SA 563 (O) at 566D-E; R v Davidson 1910 TPD 1236 at 1240; S v Mathebula 1972 (1) SA 495 (T) at 497G; S v Kritzinger en 'n Ander 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) at 599; Milton and Cowling South African Criminal Law and Procedure vol 3 at 34; Smith and Hogan Criminal Law 6th ed at 124-7; S v De Blom ......
  • S v Sethoga and Others
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 12 September 1989
    ...(A) at 422; S v Henning 1964 (1) SA 703 (O); R v Karg 1961 (1) SA 231 (A); R v Komo 1947 (2) SA 508 (N); S v Kritzinger en 'n Ander J 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) 1990 (1) SA p271 A at 602; S v Mapatsi 1976 (4) SA 721 (A); S v Mienies 1978 (4) SA 560 (A) at 562; S v Mlangeni 1976 (1) SA 528 (T); S v......
  • Amalgamated Beverage Industries Natal (Pty) Ltd v City Council of Durban
    • South Africa
    • Appellate Division
    • 22 February 1994
    ...has knowledge of its commission (cf also Cape Town Council v Benning 1917 AD 315 at 319). As indicated in S v F Kritzinger en 'n Ander 1973 (1) SA 596 (C) at 598E, permission implies knowledge of the relevant act coupled with consent or acquiescence. In R v Davidson 1910 TPD 1236 at 1240, i......
  • Get Started for Free