MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd

JurisdictionSouth Africa
JudgeRumpff HR, Corbett AR, Miller AR, Joubert AR en Van Winsen Wn AR
Judgment Date21 March 1980
Citation1980 (3) SA 1 (A)
Hearing Date26 February 1980
CourtAppellate Division

MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd
1980 (3) SA 1 (A)

1980 (3) SA p1


Citation

1980 (3) SA 1 (A)

Court

Appèlafdeling

Judge

Rumpff HR, Corbett AR, Miller AR, Joubert AR en Van Winsen Wn AR

Heard

February 26, 1980

Judgment

March 21, 1980

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde B

Kontrak — Skriftelike kontrak — Vertolking van — Bepaling in 'n kontrak dubbelsinnig — Hof kan die bedoeling van die partye probeer vasstel uit die ander bepalings van die kontrak asook van hoe die partye self die kontrak vertolk het.

SessiePactum de non cedendo — Uitwerking van — Kontraktussen eiser en Departement van Bosbou vir die kap en verwydering van hout — Pactum de non cedendo daarin — Kontrak tussen eiser en verweerder daarna aangegaan waarvolgens eiser "alle regte en aanspreeklikhede en verpligtinge tot gesegde kontrak" aan verweerder oorgemaak het — Bepaling daarin dat eiser "onderneem om die betalings te maak aan die Departement... soos die hout gesaag word en in terme van die kontrak" — Verweerder bewus van pactum de non cedendo — Maar het nie aangedring op Departement se toestemming tot die oordrag nie — Verweerder het nooit bedoel dat hy regtens die plek van eiser sou inneem nie — Ander bepalings van kontrak en vertolking van kontrak deur die partye self inaggeneem om te bevind dat dit nie bedoel was dat daar 'n oordrag sou plaasvind en dat verweerder in eiser se plek sou tree nie.

Headnote : Kopnota

Wanneer 'n bepaling van 'n kontrak op die oog dubbelsinnig is, kan die Hof die bedoeling van die partye probeer vasstel uit die ander bepalings van die kontrak en die Hof kan ook afleidings maak van bewese feite wat aantoon hoe die partye self die kontrak vertolk het. Dit is so dat 'n dokument in die algemeen nie vertolk kan word nie deur die latere gedrag van die partye in aanmerking te neem, maar wanneer daar dubbelsinnigheid bestaan, kan gepoog word om die werklike bedoeling van die partye vas te stel uit die kontrak self en uit getuienis wat aantoon hoe die partye self die kontrak verstaan het.

Eiser en die Departement van Bosbou het in 1973 'n kontrak aangegaan waarvolgens eiser, teen betaling aan die Departement, sekere staande hout op twee plase moes kap en verwyder. Die kontrak het 'n pactum de non cedendo bevat wat as volg gelees het: 'The purchaser shall not cede, transfer or assign his rights under the contract without the written consent of the seller'. In 1974 het eiser en verweerder 'n kontrak aangegaan klousule 3 waarvan soos volg bepaal het: "Die gesegde Killyman Estates maak hiermee oor aan en ten gunste van die Saagmeule alle regte en aanspreeklikhede en verpligtinge tot gesegde kontrak met die Departement... Die gesegde Saagmeule neem hiermee al die regte en verpligtinge en verantwoordelikhede van die kontrak oor." Klousules 4 en 6 het bepalings in verband met die betaling van die prys wat verweerder moes betaal bevat. Klousule 5 het bepaal dat Killyman Estates (eiser) "onderneem om die betalings te maak aan die Departement van Bosbou soos die hout gesaag word en in terme van die kontrak. Die gesegde Saagmeule onderneem hiermee om die hout te saag en te verwyder streng volgens die kontrak wat aan hulle bekend is en waarvan hulle 'n afskrif het." In klousule 7 het verweerder (Saagmeule) verklaar dat hulle die kontrak tussen eiser en die Departement "goed deurgelees het en dat hulle dit verstaan" en verder dat hulle "hulle verantwoordelikheid ten volle verstaan". Verweerder het kontrakbreuk gepleeg en eiser het aksie ingestel teen verweerder vir betaling van R29 500 met rente. Luidens 'n gestelde saak is sekere regsvrae gestel vir beslissing deur die Hof, tewete "(1) Op 'n behoorlike vertolking van die ooreenkoms tussen eiser en verweerder, was eiser verplig om die eiser met verweerder te vervang in die ooreenkoms met die Departement van Bosbou? (2) Was die ooreenkoms tussen eiser en verweerder geldig en afdwingbaar in die afwesigheid van die toestemming van die Departement van Bosbou? (3) Was verweerder verplig om die kontrakprys te betaal voordat eiser kragtens die ooreenkoms presteer het? (4) Was verweerder geregtig om die ooreenkoms te kanselleer op grond daarvan dat eiser versuim het om te presteer?" Die Hof het hierdie vrae ten gunste van eiser beantwoord en vonnis ten gunste van eiser verleen. In hoër beroep,

Beslis, dat die inhoud van klousule 7 getoon het dat verweerder deeglik geweet het dat die Departement 'n oordrag alleen sou erken indien die toestemming van die Departement tot so 'n oordrag gegee was.

Beslis, verder, dat die verweerder klaarblyklik nooit op so 'n toestemming aangedring het nie en daarvan, en van die bepalings van klousule 5, afgelei moes word dat verweerder nie bedoel het dat verweerder regtens die plek van eiser sou inneem nie.

Beslis, verder, dat eiser nog opgetree het asof hy nog 'n party tot die kontrak met die Departement was en dit was in stryd met 'n bedoeling om vervang te word deur die kontrak tussen eiser en verweerder.

Beslis, verder, na aanleiding van die ander bepalings van die kontrak en van hoe die partye self die kontrak vertolk het, dat dit bevind moes word dat die partye nie bedoel het wat oënskynlik in klousule 3 bepaal was nie, nl dat daar 'n oordrag sou plaasvind en dat verweerder in eiser se plek sou tree nie: die partye het alleen bedoel om verweerder die geleentheid te gee om teen betaling van 'n bepaalde bedrag die regte van eiser uit te oefen en hierdie regte sou uitgeoefen word streng volgens die bepalings van die kontrak tussen eiser en die Departement.

Beslis, derhalwe, dat die kontrak tussen eiser en verweerder as geldig beskou moes word en dat eiser hom daarop kon beroep.

Beslis, verder, derhalwe, dat eiser nie versuim het om te presteer nie en die kontrak tussen eiser en verweerder was deur verweerder self verbreek. Appèl afgewys.

Die beslissing in the Transvaalse Provinsiale Afdeling in Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd v MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd bevestig.

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Contract — Written contract — Interpretation of — Provision in a contract ambiguous — Court can endeavour to determine the intention of the parties from the other provisions of the contract as also from how the parties themselves interpreted the contract.

CessionPactum de non cedendo — Effect of — Contract between plaintiff and Department of Forestry for the chopping and removal of timber — Pactum de non cedendo there — Subsequent contract between plaintiff and defendant in terms of which plaintiff made over to defendant 'all rights and liabilities and obligations to the said contract' — Provision therein that plaintiff 'undertakes to make the payments to the Department... as the timber is sawn and in terms of the contract' — Defendant aware of pactum de non

1980 (3) SA p2

cedendo — But had not insisted on Department's consent to the transfer — Defendant had never intended that in law he should take the place of the plaintiff — Other provisions of contract and interpretation of the contract by the parties themselves taken into account in finding that it was not intended that a transfer should take place and that defendant should take the place of plaintiff.

Headnote : Kopnota

When a provision in a contract is on the face of it ambiguous, the Court can endeavour to determine the intention of the parties from the other provisions of the contract and the Court can also draw inferences from the proven facts indicating how the parties themselves interpreted the contract. It is true that, in general, a document cannot be interpreted by taking the latter conduct of the parties into account, but when there is an ambiguity an attempt can be made to determine the real intention of the parties from the contract itself and from evidence which indicates how the parties themselves understood the contract.

Plaintiff and the Department of Forestry had, in 1973, entered into a contract in terms of which plaintiff, against payment to the Department, had to chop and remove certain standing timber on two farms. The contract contained a pactum de non cedendo reading as follows: 'The purchaser shall not cede, transfer or assign his rights under the contract without the written consent of the seller'. In 1974 the plaintiff and the defendant concluded a contract, clause 3 of which provided as follows: 'The said Killyman Estates hereby makes over to and in favour of Saagmeule all rights and liabilities and obligations to the said contract with the Department... The said Saagmeule hereby takes over all the rights and obligations and responsibilities of the contract.' Clauses 4 and 6 contained provisions in connection with the payment of the price which defendant had to pay. Clause 5 provided that Killyman Estates (plaintiff) 'undertakes to make the payments to the

1980 (3) SA p3

Department of Forestry as the timber is sawn and in terms of the contract. The said Saagmeule undertake hereby to saw and remove the timber strictly in terms of the contract which is known to them and of which they have a copy'. In clause 7 the defendant (Saagmeule) declared that they 'had properly read through' the contract 'and that they understood it' and further that they 'fully understood their responsibility'. Defendant committed breach of contract and plaintiff instituted action against defendant for payment of R29 500 with interest. In terms of a stated case certain questions of law were stated for the decision of the Court, viz: '(1) On a proper interpretation of the agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant, was the plaintiff obliged to substitute the defendant for the plaintiff in its agreement with the Department of Forestry? (2) Is the agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant valid and enforceable in the absence of the consent of the Department of Forestry? (3) Was the defendant obliged to pay the contract price before the plaintiff performed in terms of the agreement? (4) Was...

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41 practice notes
  • Sasfin (Pty) Ltd v Beukes
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • Invalid date
    ...Kelly 1943 OPD 76 at 83; Vawda v Vawda and Others 1980 (2) SA 344 at 346C - F; MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A) at 11H; Astra Furnishers (Pty) Ltd v Arend and Another 1973 (1) SA 446 (C) at 450B; Middleton v Carr 1949 (2) SA 374 (A) at 391; Markowitz & ......
  • Total South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Bekker NO
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • Invalid date
    ...of South West Africa Ltd v H Administrator, SWA, and Another 1958 (4) SA 572 (A); MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A); Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of Contract 11th ed at 604-8; Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage & Motor Co Ltd 1915 AC 79; Cl......
  • Total South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Bekker NO
    • South Africa
    • Appellate Division
    • 28 November 1991
    ...of South West Africa Ltd v H Administrator, SWA, and Another 1958 (4) SA 572 (A); MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A); Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of Contract 11th ed at 604-8; Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage & Motor Co Ltd 1915 AC 79; Cl......
  • Densam (Pty) Ltd v Cywilnat (Pty) Ltd
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • Invalid date
    ...Company (Pty) Ltd v Barclays National Bank Ltd 1974 (1) SA 641 (A) at 646B; D M T K Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A) at 12F - H. As to the identity of the cedent to whom the bank ceded its claim against the appellant, see Zandberg v Van Zyl 1910 AD 302 at 3......
  • Get Started for Free
39 cases
  • Total South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Bekker NO
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 28 November 1991
    ...of South West Africa Ltd v H Administrator, SWA, and Another 1958 (4) SA 572 (A); MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A); Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of Contract 11th ed at 604-8; Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage & Motor Co Ltd 1915 AC 79; Cl......
  • Sasfin (Pty) Ltd v Beukes
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 19 September 1988
    ...Kelly 1943 OPD 76 at 83; Vawda v Vawda and Others 1980 (2) SA 344 at 346C - F; MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A) at 11H; Astra Furnishers (Pty) Ltd v Arend and Another 1973 (1) SA 446 (C) at 450B; Middleton v Carr 1949 (2) SA 374 (A) at 391; Markowitz & ......
  • Total South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Bekker NO
    • South Africa
    • Appellate Division
    • 28 November 1991
    ...of South West Africa Ltd v H Administrator, SWA, and Another 1958 (4) SA 572 (A); MTK Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A); Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of Contract 11th ed at 604-8; Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage & Motor Co Ltd 1915 AC 79; Cl......
  • Densam (Pty) Ltd v Cywilnat (Pty) Ltd
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 28 September 1990
    ...Company (Pty) Ltd v Barclays National Bank Ltd 1974 (1) SA 641 (A) at 646B; D M T K Saagmeule (Pty) Ltd v Killyman Estates (Pty) Ltd 1980 (3) SA 1 (A) at 12F - H. As to the identity of the cedent to whom the bank ceded its claim against the appellant, see Zandberg v Van Zyl 1910 AD 302 at 3......
  • Get Started for Free
2 books & journal articles
  • 2020 volume 1 p 103
    • South Africa
    • Juta Tydskrif van Suid Afrikaanse Reg No. , February 2020
    • 3 February 2020
    ...unsuccessfu l), while under the broader inte rpretation a per iod of up to eleven days is acceptable. In De Beer v Firs Investments Ltd (1980 3 SA 1087 (W)), the applicant obtained possession of the resp ondent’s shop, without his permission, by installing new lock s, and a few hours later ......
  • Agreements in Restraint of Cession: Time for a new Approach
    • South Africa
    • Juta Stellenbosch Law Review No. , May 2019
    • 27 May 2019
    ...SpA v Ele ctricity Sup ply Commission 1978 2 SA 705 (W) 711A.31 1968 3 SA 166 (A) 189 in fine.32 1980 2 SA 346 (T) 346 in fine.33 1980 3 SA 1 (A) 10-11.34 Scott The Law o f Cession 212-213; Scott (1981) THRHR 160; Scott (2008) TSAR 782.AGREEMENTS IN RESTRAINT OF CESSION 279© Juta and Compan......