MacCsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others
Jurisdiction | South Africa |
Judge | Harms AP, Cloete JA, Shongwe JA, Wallis JA and Plasket AJA |
Judgment Date | 23 September 2011 |
Citation | 2011 (6) SA 633 (SCA) |
Docket Number | 709/2010 and 746/10 |
Hearing Date | 16 August 2011 |
Counsel | L Rose-Innes SC (with N Bawa) for the first appellant. MM Oosthuizen SC (with K Warner) for the second appellant. G Budlender SC (with E van Huyssteen) for the first respondent. AM Breitenbach SC (with R Paschke) for the fourth respondent SJ Grobler SC (with P Lazarus) for the amicus curiae. |
Court | Supreme Court of Appeal |
Plasket AJA (Harms AP, Cloete JA, Shongwe JA and Wallis JA concurring):
[1] This appeal from the Western Cape High Court, Cape Town, J concerns two issues. The first is whether the grant of a mining right or a
Plasket AJA (Harms AP, Cloete JA, Shongwe JA and Wallis JA concurring)
mining permit issued by the Minister of Mineral Resources in terms of A s 23 and s 27 of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (the MPRDA) entitles the holder of the right or permit to undertake mining operations without obtaining authorisation in terms of the Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985 (C) (LUPO), which empowers municipalities to determine and enforce the use to which land B in their areas of jurisdiction may be put. The second issue is whether such a holder is precluded from commencing or continuing with its mining operations without first obtaining environmental authorisations in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) in respect of activities listed under s 24(2)(a) of NEMA. Davis J (with whom Baartman J concurred) found that both LUPO and C NEMA applied to mining operations. [1] The appeal against both of these findings is with the leave of the court below.
The facts
[2] The material facts are not in dispute. The first appellant (Maccsand) D was authorised by a mining right issued to it by the second appellant, the Minister of Mineral Resources (the Minister), in terms of s 23(1) of the MPRDA and a mining permit issued to it in terms of s 27 of the MPRDA to mine sand on two pieces of land, the Westridge dune and the Rocklands dune, situated in Mitchell's Plain and owned by the first respondent, the City of Cape Town (the City). The Westridge dune E consists of three erven, [2] one of which was zoned as rural and two as public open space in terms of LUPO. The Rocklands dune was zoned as public open space.
[3] The Westridge dune's mining area is 16,3 hectares in extent although F its total area is 74,2 hectares. It is situated in a residential area. It is abutted on three sides by private homes and by vacant land on the fourth side. The mining right authorised mining for a period of nine years. The Rocklands dune is 3,643 hectares in extent but the proposed mining area is 1,5 hectares in extent. It too is situated in a residential area. It abuts private homes and lies between two schools. The mining right authorised G mining for a period of two years, which could be renewed for a maximum of a further three years.
[4] While Maccsand asserted that it was entitled to mine without further authority, the City insisted that it could not do so without obtaining a H consent use in respect of the Rocklands dune and a departure from the restrictions imposed by the zoning scheme in respect of the Westridge dune. Without having attempted to do so, Maccsand began to mine the Rocklands dune. The City launched an application for an interdict to stop this mining. An interim order was duly granted and the City then amended its notice of motion to include orders for relief in terms of NEMA as well. I
Plasket AJA (Harms AP, Cloete JA, Shongwe JA and Wallis JA concurring)
A [5] The City's attorneys sought an undertaking from Maccsand that it would not mine the Westridge dune without the necessary authorisations required by LUPO and NEMA. When no undertaking was furnished, the City launched a second application to interdict the mining of this dune as well. The matters were later consolidated. During the course of the B litigation the fourth respondent, the Minister of Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, Western Cape Province, was joined as a party. He made common cause with the City.
[6] In due course, the consolidated applications were argued and the court below issued an order in the following terms:
C 'It is declared that:
the respondent may not commence or continue with mining operations on erf 13625, Mitchell's Plain; erf 9889, Mitchell's Plain; erf 1848, Schaapkraal; and/or erf 1210, Mitchell's Plain (the properties) until and unless authorisation has been granted in terms of the Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985, Cape D (LUPO) for the land in question to be used for mining;
the first respondent may not commence or continue with mining operations on the properties until and unless an environmental authorisation has been granted in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) for the carrying out of the activity identified in item 20 of Government Notice R386 of 21 April 2006 E on the land in question;
the first respondent may not commence or continue with mining operations on erf 9889, Mitchell's Plain, erf 1848, Schaapkraal; and erf 1210, Mitchell's Plain until and unless an environmental authorisation has been granted in terms of NEMA for the carrying F out of the activity identified in item 12 of Government Notice R386 of 21 April 2006 on the land in question.
The first respondent is interdicted from commencing or continuing with mining operations on the properties until and unless:
authorisation has been granted in terms of LUPO for the land G in question to be used for mining;
an environmental authorisation has been granted in terms of NEMA for the carrying out of the activity identified in item 20 of Government Notice R386 of 21 April 2006 on the land in question.
The first respondent is interdicted from commencing or continuing with mining operations on erf 9889, Mitchell's Plain; erf 1848, H Schaapkraal; and erf 1210, Mitchell's Plain until and unless an environmental authorisation has been granted in terms of NEMA for the carrying out of the activity identified in item 12 of Government Notice R386 of 21 April 2006 on the land in question.
The costs of this application are to be paid by first and second I respondents, jointly and severally with one another, including the costs of two counsel.'
[7] The court below held in respect of the LUPO issue that the argument that the MPRDA excluded the application of LUPO was flawed because it undermined the division of powers envisaged by the Constitution and J would have the effect of eradicating a municipality's planning function
Plasket AJA (Harms AP, Cloete JA, Shongwe JA and Wallis JA concurring)
whenever a national competence impacted on land use. It was accordingly A held that in the absence of a constitutionally permissible override, which was absent, LUPO applied. In respect of the NEMA issue, the court below held that even though a great deal of NEMA has been incorporated into the MPRDA, this did not have the effect of ousting the obligation placed on Maccsand by s 24 of NEMA to obtain environmental authorisations where its mining activities involved listed activities. B
[8] It was argued by Maccsand and the Minister that there is no need for a person to whom a mining right or mining permit has been issued to possess or obtain the necessary land use authorisation in terms of LUPO. The submission was made that the MPRDA, being legislation concerned C with a competence vested in the national sphere of government, prevails over LUPO to the extent that the two conflict. They also contended that LUPO is not a 'relevant law' in terms of s 23(6) of the MPRDA and therefore that the holder of a mining right is not required to comply with it. It was also argued by them and the Chamber of Mines, which was admitted as amicus curiae, that the MPRDA incorporates aspects of D NEMA in order to give effect to s 24 of the Constitution in the context of mining and that the aspects that it does not incorporate do not apply to mining.
[9] The City and the Minister of Local Government, Environmental E Affairs and Development Planning of the Western Cape Provincial Government argued that the MPRDA does not deal with land use planning and consequently there is no conflict between the MPRDA and LUPO. They contended that if the MPRDA were to be interpreted as being in conflict with LUPO, the MPRDA would be unconstitutional to that extent because municipal planning is an executive competence that F is vested exclusively in the local sphere of government. Lastly, they argued that LUPO is indeed a relevant law for purposes of the MPRDA and that provisions of NEMA that were not directly incorporated into the MPRDA nonetheless apply to mining.
The LUPO issue G
[10] The Constitution devolves governmental powers in various ways. Not only does it separate powers between the legislative, executive and judicial arms of government [3] but it also divides legislative and executive powers among three spheres of government. It does this in s 40(1) which provides: H
'In the Republic, government is constituted as national, provincial and local spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated.'
[11] This division of power represents a significant change from the I hierarchical structure of government that existed under the pre-1994 constitutions in which the national legislature was sovereign and all-powerful, and provincial and local government exercised only those
Plasket AJA (Harms AP, Cloete JA, Shongwe JA and Wallis JA concurring)
A powers that had been allocated to them by the sovereign legislature. Now the position is different. [4] As Ngcobo J held in Doctors for Life International v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [5] the 'basic structure of our government consists of a partnership' between the three spheres of government, oiled by the B principles of co-operative government. These principles require, inter alia, that the various spheres of government 'exercise their powers and functions in a manner that does not encroach on the geographical, functional or institutional integrity of government in another sphere'. [6]
C [12] Once governmental...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
Shelfplett 47 (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and Another
...Planning, Western Cape and Others[2011] 4 All SA 270 (WCC): referred toMaccsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others 2011 (6)SA 633 (SCA): referred toMistry v Interim Medical and Dental Council of South Africa and Others1998 (4) SA 1127 (CC) (1998 (7) BCLR 880): dictum in pa......
-
Maccsand in the Constitutional Court: Dodging the NEMA issue
...Co urt of Appeal as Mac csand (Pty) Ltd & Minister of Mine ral Resources v City of Cape Town (Cha mber of Mines as amicus cur iae) 2011 6 SA 633 (SCA) 2 Maccsand (Pt y) Ltd v City of Cape Town 2012 4 SA 181 (CC) paras 40-51 3 A mining pe rmit is an author isation granted i n terms of s 27 o......
-
Fracking in the Karoo: Approvals Required?
...Swartlan d Municipality v Lou w NO 2010 5 SA 314 (WCC) para 8136 2012 4 SA 181 (CC) See a lso Maccsand (Pt y) Ltd v City of Cape Town 2011 6 SA 633 (SCA) and City of Cape Town v Maccsand ( Pty) Ltd 2010 6 SA 63 (WCC) See discu ssions of the cases i n Van Wyk Planning Law xv-xvi, 195-197, 45......
-
Maccsand (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town and Others
...2010 (6) SA 182 (CC) (2010 (9) BCLR 859; [2010] ZACC 11): referred to I Maccsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others 2011 (6) SA 633 (SCA): referred to Minister of Public Works and Others v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association and Another (Mukhwevho Intervening) 2001 (3)......
-
Shelfplett 47 (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and Another
...Planning, Western Cape and Others[2011] 4 All SA 270 (WCC): referred toMaccsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others 2011 (6)SA 633 (SCA): referred toMistry v Interim Medical and Dental Council of South Africa and Others1998 (4) SA 1127 (CC) (1998 (7) BCLR 880): dictum in pa......
-
Maccsand (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town and Others
...2010 (6) SA 182 (CC) (2010 (9) BCLR 859; [2010] ZACC 11): referred to I Maccsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others 2011 (6) SA 633 (SCA): referred to Minister of Public Works and Others v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association and Another (Mukhwevho Intervening) 2001 (3)......
-
Telkom SA SOC Ltd v Cape Town (City) and Another
...[21] The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000. [22] Maccsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others 2011 (6) SA 633 (SCA); Maccsand (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town and Others 2012 (4) SA 181 (CC) (2012 (7) BCLR 690; [2012] ZACC 7). [23] Mineral and Petroleum Resourc......
-
Dark Fibre Africa (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town
...Nigel Ltd and Another H 1988 (3) SA 132 (A): dictum at 150D applied Maccsand (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Cape Town and Others 2011 (6) SA 633 (SCA): referred Maccsand (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town and Others 2012 (4) SA 181 (CC) (2012 (7) BCLR 690; [2012] ZACC 7): applied Maledu and Oth......
-
Maccsand in the Constitutional Court: Dodging the NEMA issue
...Co urt of Appeal as Mac csand (Pty) Ltd & Minister of Mine ral Resources v City of Cape Town (Cha mber of Mines as amicus cur iae) 2011 6 SA 633 (SCA) 2 Maccsand (Pt y) Ltd v City of Cape Town 2012 4 SA 181 (CC) paras 40-51 3 A mining pe rmit is an author isation granted i n terms of s 27 o......
-
Fracking in the Karoo: Approvals Required?
...Swartlan d Municipality v Lou w NO 2010 5 SA 314 (WCC) para 8136 2012 4 SA 181 (CC) See a lso Maccsand (Pt y) Ltd v City of Cape Town 2011 6 SA 633 (SCA) and City of Cape Town v Maccsand ( Pty) Ltd 2010 6 SA 63 (WCC) See discu ssions of the cases i n Van Wyk Planning Law xv-xvi, 195-197, 45......
-
Maccsand v City of Cape Town, Minister for Water Affairs and Environment, MEC for Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, Western Cape Province, Minister for Rural Development and Land Reform, and Minister for Mineral Resources 2012 4 SA 181 (CC) : recent case law
...leading up to it (City of Cape Town v Maccsand (Pty) Ltd2010 6 SA 63 (WCC) (“Maccsand 1”) and Maccsand (Pty) Ltd v City of CapeTown 2011 6 SA 633 (SCA) (“Maccsand 2”)), inter alia, deal with the well-known principle in South African law that legislation must be read as awhole. In S v Looij ......