Kruger v Coetzee

JurisdictionSouth Africa
Citation1966 (2) SA 428 (A)

Kruger v Coetzee
1966 (2) SA 428 (A)

1966 (2) SA p428


Citation

1966 (2) SA 428 (A)

Court

Appellate Division

Judge

Beyers ACJ, van Blerk JA, Botha JA, Holmes JA, Wessels JA

Heard

March 4, 1966

Judgment

March 17, 1966

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Negligence — Proof of — Necessity for plaintiff to prove not C only that the possibility should have been foreseen but also that there were reasonable steps which should have been taken — Defendant having foreseen the possibility and taken certain steps — Onus on plaintiff to establish further steps he could and should have taken.

Headnote : Kopnota

D In an action for damages alleged to have been caused by the defendant's negligence, for the purposes of liability culpa only arises if a diligens paterfamilias in the position of the defendant not only would have foreseen the reasonable possibility of his conduct injuring another in his person or property and causing him patrimonial loss, but would also have taken reasonable steps to have guarded against such occurrence; and the defendant failed to take such steps.

Whether a diligens paterfamilias in the position of the person concerned E would take any guarding steps at all and, if so, what steps would be reasonable, must always depend upon the particular circumstances of each case.

Where the defendant has foreseen the possibility and taken certain steps, the onus is on the plaintiff to prove that there were further steps which he could and should have taken.

The decision in the Eastern Cape Division in Coetzee v Kruger, 1965 (3) F S.A. 677, reversed.

Case Information

Appeal from a decision in the Eastern Cape Division (JENNETT, J.P., and CLOETE, J.). The facts appear from the judgment of HOLMES, J.A.

H. J. O. van Heerden, for the appellant: Die benadering van die Hof a quo was verkeerd. Nalatigheid volg nie bloot omdat gevaar of skade G redelik voorsienbaar was nie. Nadat vasgestel is dat 'n redelike persoon 'n bepaalde toestand sou voorsien het, moet nog nagegaan word of die toestand vermy kon gewees het, en indien wel, of die bepaalde stappe wat bedoelde vermyding geverg het, deur die redelike persoon geneem sou gewees het. Sien Farmer v Robinson G.M. Co. Ltd., 1917 AD te bl. 501, H 524; Coetzee and Sons v Smit and Another, 1952 (2) SA te bl. 553, 559 - 60. Dit is insiggewend dat die Hof a quo hom nie uitgelaat het oor bepaalde stappe wat die appellant moes geneem het om te verseker dat sy diere nie deur die hek dwaal nie. Die regte benadering, nadat vasgestel is dat die appellant kon voorsien het dat sy diere sou uitdwaal, sou gewees het om vas te stel dat stap A of B sodanige toestand sou voorgekom het, en om dan te bepaal of dit redelikerwyse van die appellant verwag kon gewees het om stap A of B te neem. Aangesien die betrokke hek deur die Afdelingsraad op 'n openbare pad aangebring is, kan die appellant klaarblyklik nie die hek sluit nie, en die plig, indien

1966 (2) SA p429

enige, om 'n motorhek op die betrokke plek aan te bring, het op die Afdelingsraad gerus. Art. 137 van Ord. 15 van 1952 (K). Die enigste doeltreffende maatreël wat die appellant dus kon getref het, was om 'n wag by die hek te plaas. Aangesien die ongeluk in casu in die vroeë oggendure plaasgevind het, het die perde dus waarskynlik in die nag deur A die hek gedwaal, en sou dit beteken het dat die hek 24 uur per dag bewaak moes gewees het. Om van 'n boer te verwag om konstant 'n hek te laat bewaak gestel dat hy werknemers daarvoor sou kon werf sou onrealisties wees en neerkom op die stel van onredelike hoë gedragseise. Sien Moubray v Syfret, 1935 AD te bl. 199, 203; Klaas v Serfontein, B 1940 CPD te bl. 616, 622. In die reël word dit nie verwag van 'n redelike persoon om te waak teen die handelinge van persone oor wie hy geen beheer het nie. Sien S v Smith, 1965 (3) SA te bl. 545, 549. Nog minder kon sodanige gedrag in casu van die appellant verwag gewees het omdat (a) hy nie die pad na die tonnel laat bow het nie; (b) hy nie die betrokke hek opgerig het nie; (c) hy geen effektiewe beheer oor die C hek kon uitgeoefen het nie.

Die respondent is gebonde aan die gronde van nalatigheid uiteengesit in haar pleitstukke. Sien Coetzee and Sons v Smit and Another, 1955...

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    • 28 September 2006
    ...(4) SA 235 (CC) (2004 (10) BCLR 1009): referred to I Knop v Johannesburg City Council 1995 (2) SA 1 (A): referred to Kruger v Coetzee 1966 (2) SA 428 (A): referred to Lascon Properties (Pty) Ltd v Wadeville Investment Co (Pty) Ltd and Another 1997 (4) SA 578 (W) ([1997] 3 All SA 433): refer......
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    • South Africa Law Reports
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    ...836 (W): dictum at 877J - 878H applied Knop v Johannesburg City Council 1995 (2) SA 1 (A): dictum at 27F - I applied Kruger v Coetzee 1966 (2) SA 428 (A): referred to G Lillicrap, Wassenaar and Partners v Pilkington Brothers (SA) (Pty) Ltd 1985 (1) SA 475 (A): dictum at 498 Lucas v Hamm (19......
  • Criminal Procedure
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    • Juta Yearbook of South African Law No. , March 2021
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    ...be considered.368365 Steenkamp NO v Provincial Tender Board, Eastern Cape 2007 (3) SA 121 (CC) para 39, quoting from Kruger v Coetzee 1966 (2) SA 428 (A) 430E–G.366 Para 11, quoting from Minister of Safety and Security v Van Duivenboden 2002 (6) SA 431 (SCA) para 12.367 Para 13; Van Eeden v......
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    • Juta Acta Juridica No. , August 2019
    • 15 August 2019
    ...through the political process or through one of the otherremedies that the courts are capable of granting.174Nugent JA continued:1711966 (2) SA 428 (A) at 430E–F.1722002 (6) SA 431 (SCA) at 441–442 para 12. See also per Botha JA in Knop v JohannesburgCity Council 1995 (2) SA 1 (A) at 24H.17......
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  • Steenkamp NO v Provincial Tender Board, Eastern Cape
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 28 September 2006
    ...(4) SA 235 (CC) (2004 (10) BCLR 1009): referred to I Knop v Johannesburg City Council 1995 (2) SA 1 (A): referred to Kruger v Coetzee 1966 (2) SA 428 (A): referred to Lascon Properties (Pty) Ltd v Wadeville Investment Co (Pty) Ltd and Another 1997 (4) SA 578 (W) ([1997] 3 All SA 433): refer......
  • Aucamp and Others v University of Stellenbosch
    • South Africa
    • South Africa Law Reports
    • 15 March 2002
    ...836 (W): dictum at 877J - 878H applied Knop v Johannesburg City Council 1995 (2) SA 1 (A): dictum at 27F - I applied Kruger v Coetzee 1966 (2) SA 428 (A): referred to G Lillicrap, Wassenaar and Partners v Pilkington Brothers (SA) (Pty) Ltd 1985 (1) SA 475 (A): dictum at 498 Lucas v Hamm (19......
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  • Criminal Procedure
    • South Africa
    • Juta Yearbook of South African Law No. , March 2021
    • 10 March 2021
    ...be considered.368365 Steenkamp NO v Provincial Tender Board, Eastern Cape 2007 (3) SA 121 (CC) para 39, quoting from Kruger v Coetzee 1966 (2) SA 428 (A) 430E–G.366 Para 11, quoting from Minister of Safety and Security v Van Duivenboden 2002 (6) SA 431 (SCA) para 12.367 Para 13; Van Eeden v......
  • The Law of Bureaucratic Negligence in South Africa: A Comparative Commonwealth Perspective
    • South Africa
    • Juta Acta Juridica No. , August 2019
    • 15 August 2019
    ...through the political process or through one of the otherremedies that the courts are capable of granting.174Nugent JA continued:1711966 (2) SA 428 (A) at 430E–F.1722002 (6) SA 431 (SCA) at 441–442 para 12. See also per Botha JA in Knop v JohannesburgCity Council 1995 (2) SA 1 (A) at 24H.17......
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