Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere

JurisdictionSouth Africa
Judgment Date25 March 1987
Citation1987 (2) SA 833 (A)

Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere
1987 (2) SA 833 (A)

1987 (2) SA p833


Citation

1987 (2) SA 833 (A)

Court

Appèlafdeling

Judge

Rabie Wn HR, Jansen AR, Joubert AR, Hefer AR en Boshoff Wn AR

Heard

February 23, 1987

Judgment

March 25, 1987

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Hof — Jurisdiksie — Uitsluiting van — Bevel ingevolge art 103ter(4) van Verdedigingswet 44 van 1957 waarvolgens geding nie voortgesit mag word nie — Die 'handeling' waarna F verwys word in subart (4) 'n handeling wat reeds plaasgevind het wanneer geding ingestel word — Waar persone dus nog in aanhouding wanneer aansoek om hulle vrylating ingedien word, sertifikaat ingevolge subart (4) om sodanige aansoek te stuit, ongeldig — Sertifikaat in onderhawige G geval ook ongeldig omdat handeling (die aanhouding) nie aangeraai, gebied, beveel, gelas of verrig was deur 'n persoon genoem in subart (4), maar deur die Administrateur-generaal.

Binnelandse veiligheid — Prok AG 9 van 1977 (SWA) art 5 bis(1) — Bevoegdheid van Administrateur-generaal om bevel vir die verdere aanhouding van aangehoudenes uit te reik — Artikel 5 bis(1) maak voorsiening vir twee kategorieë van H aangehoudenes, nl persone in aanhouding ingevolge art 4(2 )(d) van proklamasie en persone wat 'as gevolg van optrede ter voorkoming of onderdrukking van terrorisme of vir 'n ander doel deur die veiligheidsmagte ingevolge die Verdedigingswet 44 van 1957 in hegtenis is' — Nie nodig nie dat persone in I laasgenoemde kategorie wettiglik in hegtenis is wanneer bevel uitgereik word.

Headnote : Kopnota

Die appellante het aansoek gedoen om die vrylating uit aanhouding van 36 mense wat in 1978 in Angola deur lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag tydens optrede vir die doeleindes van of in verband met die voorkoming of onderdrukking van terrorisme gevange geneem is. Die 36 persone is tot Mei 1979 deur die weermag aangehou waarna hulle ingevolge bevele J uitgereik deur die Administrateur-generaal van

1987 (2) SA p834

A Suidwes-Afrika ingevolge art 5bis (1) van Prok AG 9 van 1977 (SWA) aangehou is. Teen die tyd wat die aansoek beredeneer is, was slegs vyf van die oorspronklike 36 mense nog in aanhouding, en teen die tyd van die aanhoor van die appèl was al vyf reeds vrygelaat. Die Hof a quo het bevind dat 'n sertifikaat uitgereik deur die Minister van Justisie ingevolge art 103ter (4) van die Verdedigingswet 44 van 1957 ten opsigte van die aansoek geldig was en dat die geding gevolglik verval het. In 'n appèl teen hierdie bevinding is dit namens die appellante B aangevoer: (a) dat art 103ter (4) slegs van toepassing was op 'n handeling wat reeds plaasgevind het, dit is voor die geding ten opsigte waarvan die Minister van Justisie 'n sertifikaat uitgereik het, ingestel is en nie 'n handeling soos in die onderhawige geval (die aanhouding van mense) wat nog bestaan het wanneer die geding ingestel is en wat nog daarna sou voortduur; en (b) dat die Administrateur-generaal slegs verdere aanhouding ingevolge art 5bis (1) kon gelas indien die betrokke persone wettiglik in aanhouding was teen die tyd wat hy die bevel uitgereik het: aangesien die persone nie in C wettige aanhouding was nie is die bevele ongeldig.

Beslis, ten opsigte van (a), dat dit duidelik was uit die taal gebruik in art 103ter (4) dat die 'handeling' waarna verwys word, 'n handeling was wat reeds plaasgevind het wanneer 'n geding ten opsigte daarvan ingestel is: hierdie siening is versterk deur art 103ter (5) wat vereis het dat daar 'n verslag opgestel moes word deur die Minister van Verdediging oor die D omstandighede waarin die betrokke handeling plaasgevind het alvorens die Staatspresident die Minister van Justisie kon magtig om 'n sertifikaat ingevolge art 103ter (2) en (3) uit te reik.

Beslis, verder, dat subart (2) ook veronderstel het dat die 'handeling' 'n handeling moes wees wat reeds plaasgevind het en dit onwaarskynlik was dat die Wetgewer sou bedoel het dat die woord 'n ander betekenis moes dra in subart (4).

Beslis, verder, dat in elk geval 'n sertifikaat ingevolge art 103ter (4) slegs uitgereik kon word as die handeling aangeraai, E gebied, beveel, gelas of verrig is deur die Staatspresident, Minister van Verdediging of 'n lid van die weermag en, aangesien die betrokke handeling (die aanhouding van die persone) beveel is deur die Administrateur-generaal wat nie deur subart (4) genoem is nie, is die sertifikaat ongeldig.

Beslis, verder, ten opsigte van (b), dat die reël van uitleg wat inhou dat waar daar in 'n Wet na 'n handeling verwys word, dit vermoed word 'n verwysing na 'n wettige of geldige handeling te wees nie in die onderhawige geval gegeld het nie: F art 5bis (1) het voorsiening gemaak vir die aanhouding van twee kategorieë van persone, nl persone aangehou ingevolge art 4(2)(d) van die proklamasie en persone aangehou wat in hegtenis is as gevolg van optrede deur die veiligheidsmagte ingevolge die Verdedigingswet 44 van 1957 ter voorkoming of onderdrukking van terrorisme en daar was 'n kenmerkende verskil in die taal gebruik deur art 5bis (1) ten opsigte van persone in die twee klasse: terwyl eersgenoemde 'kragtens' art 4(2)(d) aangehou moes word, was laasgenoemde slegs persone wat aangehou is as G gevolg van optrede van die veiligheidsmagte.

Beslis, verder, dat, indien die Administrateur-generaal se magte beperk sou word tot persone wat wettig in aanhouding was as gevolg van optrede deur die veiligheidsmagte, sou die Administrateur-generaal eers verplig word om die geldigheid van die aanhouding te ondersoek alvorens hy sy bevoegdhede kon uitoefen en dit onwaarskynlik was dat dit die bedoeling van die proklamasie was.

Beslis, verder, dat, aangesien art 5bis (1)die H Administrateur-generaal die mag gegee het om die aanhouding van persone te gelas indien dit in sy oortuiging nodig was vir die handhawing van wet en orde of in die openbare belang was, die vraag of sodanige persoon wettiglik in aanhouding was nie relevant of van belang was vir daardie doeleinde nie.

Beslis, gevolglik, dat die Administrateur-generaal se bevele gevolglik wettig was selfs indien die aanhouding van die persone ongeldig was op die stadium toe die Administrateur-generaal die bevele uitgereik het. Appèl afgewys.

I Die beslissing in die Hooggeregshof van Suidwes-Afrika in Kauluma and Others v Minister of Defence and Others 1984 (4) SA 59 bevestig maar gedeeltelik gekritiseer.

Flynote : Sleutelwoorde

Court — Jurisdiction — Ouster of — Order in terms of s 103 ter(4) of Defence Act 44 of 1957 in terms of which action J may not be proceeded with — The 'act' which is referred to in ss (4) is an act which has already taken place when action instituted —

1987 (2) SA p835

Thus where persons still in detention when application for A their release is made, certificate in terms of ss (4) to stop such application, invalid — Certificate in instant case also invalid as act (the detention) had not been advised, commanded, ordered, directed or done by a person mentioned in ss (4) but by the Administrator-General.

Internal security — Proc AG 9 of 1977 (SWA) s 5bis(1) — Power of Administrator-General to issue order for the further detention of detainees — Section 5bis(1) makes provision for two categories of detainees, viz persons in detention in terms B of s 4(2)(d) of proclamation and persons who are in custody 'as a result of operations carried out by the security forces for the prevention or suppression of terrorism or for any other purpose in terms of the Defence Act 44 of 1957' — Not necessary that persons in latter category be held in lawful custody when order issued.

Headnote : Kopnota

The appellants had sought the release from detention of 36 people who had been captured in 1978 in Angola by members of C the South African Defence Force during operations for the purposes of or in connection with the prevention or suppression of terrorism. The 36 persons were held until May 1979 by the defence force whereafter they were held in terms of orders issued by the Administrator-General of South West Africa in terms of s 5bis (1) of Proc AG 9 of 1977 (SWA). At the time of arguing the application only five of the original 36 people were still in custody and by the time of the hearing of the appeal all five had already been released. The Court a quo found that a certificate issued by the Minister of Justice in D terms of s 103ter (4) of the Defence Act 44 of 1957 in respect of the application was valid and that the action had accordingly lapsed. In an appeal against this finding it was contended on behalf of the appellants: (a) that s 103ter (4) was only applicable to an act which had already taken place, that is before the action in respect of which the Minister of Justice issued a certificate was instituted and not an action such as in the present case (the detention of people) which still existed when the action was instituted and which would still continue thereafter; and (b) that the E Administrator-General could only order further detention in terms of s 5bis (1) if the persons in question were held in lawful custody at the time when he issued the order: as the persons involved were not in lawful custody the orders were invalid.

Held, in respect of (a), that it was clear from the language used in s 103ter (4) that the 'act' which was referred to was an act which had already taken place when the proceedings in F respect thereof were instituted: this view was reinforced by s 103ter (5) which required a report to be drawn up by the Minister of Defence concerning the circumstances in which the relevant act took place before the State President could authorise the Minister of Justice to issue a certificate in terms of s 103ter (2) and (3).

Held, further, that ss (2) also implied that the 'act' had to be an act which had already taken place and it was improbable that the Legislature would have intended that...

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12 practice notes
  • Minister of Law and Order and Another v Swart
    • South Africa
    • 29 September 1988
    ...(A); De Kock v Helderberg Ko-op Wijnmakerij Bpk 1962 (2) SA 419 (A) at 426F; Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere 1987 (2) SA 833 (A) 858B - E; State President and Others v Tsenoli; Kerchhoff and Another v Minister of Law and Order and Others 1986 (4) SA 1150 (A) at B G Jo......
  • S v Gqeba and Others
    • South Africa
    • 24 May 1989
    ...(Pty) Ltd v The Administrator, Transvaal, and Another 1975 (4) SA 1 (T) at 8; Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere 1987 (2) SA 833 (A) at 853H; S v Malinga 1987 (3) SA 490 (A) at 495I - J and 498D - J; Johannesburg Stock Exchange B and Another v Witwatersrand Nigel Ltd and......
  • Nach Investments (Pty) Ltd v Yaldai Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another
    • South Africa
    • 26 March 1987
    ...which I have arrived, it is unnecessary to J decide whether the application should not in any event have been dismissed on the grounds 1987 (2) SA p833 Hefer stated inter alia in Standard Bank van SA Bpk v Breitenbach en A Andere 1977 (1) SA 151 (T) at 155 - 6. The appeal is dismissed with ......
  • Minister of Law and Order and Another v Dempsey
    • South Africa
    • 11 March 1988
    ...is not affected by reg 16(1) and (4). The reasoning adopted by this Court in Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere 1987 (2) SA 833 (A) is in point. In the first place, an application for J an interdictum de homine libero et exhibendo is directed at 1988 (3) SA p30 A the pre......
  • Get Started for Free
12 cases
  • Minister of Law and Order and Another v Swart
    • South Africa
    • 29 September 1988
    ...(A); De Kock v Helderberg Ko-op Wijnmakerij Bpk 1962 (2) SA 419 (A) at 426F; Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere 1987 (2) SA 833 (A) 858B - E; State President and Others v Tsenoli; Kerchhoff and Another v Minister of Law and Order and Others 1986 (4) SA 1150 (A) at B G Jo......
  • S v Gqeba and Others
    • South Africa
    • 24 May 1989
    ...(Pty) Ltd v The Administrator, Transvaal, and Another 1975 (4) SA 1 (T) at 8; Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere 1987 (2) SA 833 (A) at 853H; S v Malinga 1987 (3) SA 490 (A) at 495I - J and 498D - J; Johannesburg Stock Exchange B and Another v Witwatersrand Nigel Ltd and......
  • Nach Investments (Pty) Ltd v Yaldai Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another
    • South Africa
    • 26 March 1987
    ...which I have arrived, it is unnecessary to J decide whether the application should not in any event have been dismissed on the grounds 1987 (2) SA p833 Hefer stated inter alia in Standard Bank van SA Bpk v Breitenbach en A Andere 1977 (1) SA 151 (T) at 155 - 6. The appeal is dismissed with ......
  • Minister of Law and Order and Another v Dempsey
    • South Africa
    • 11 March 1988
    ...is not affected by reg 16(1) and (4). The reasoning adopted by this Court in Kauluma en Andere v Minister van Verdediging en Andere 1987 (2) SA 833 (A) is in point. In the first place, an application for J an interdictum de homine libero et exhibendo is directed at 1988 (3) SA p30 A the pre......
  • Get Started for Free