Curbing company phoenix activity through the application of fraudulent and reckless trading provisions
| Citation | 2024 TSAR 31 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.47348/TSAR/2024/i1a3 |
| Published date | 16 January 2024 |
| Pages | 31-43 |
| Author | Basson, A. |
| Date | 16 January 2024 |
[ISSN 0257 – 7747]TSAR 2024 . 1
31
https://doi.org/10.47348/TSAR/2024/i1a3
Curbing company phoenix activity through
the application of fraudulent and reckless
trading provisions
ANDRÉ BASSON*
KATHLEEN VAN DER LINDE**
SAMEVATTING
DIE BEKAMPING VAN MAATSKAPPYE SE FENIKSBEDRYWIGHEDE DEUR DIE
TOEPASSING VAN BEPALINGS OOR DIE BEDRIEGLIKE EN ROEKELOSE BEDRYF
VAN BESIGHEID
Na analogie van die m itiese voël wat uit sy eie as herrys, word d ie term feniksaktiw iteit gebruik om
te verwys na d ie verskynsel waar ’n sukkele nde (ou) maatskap py vervang word met ’n tweede (nuwe)
maatskappy wat we senlik dieselfde besig heid bedryf en wat deu r dieselfde persone beheer word .
Die gemeenskapl ike onderskeidende ke nmerke van alle onwet tige of bedriegl ike feniksb edryw ighede
is dat die ou maats kappy se bates of besigheid so nder voldoende teenwaa rde aan die tweede ma atskappy
oorgedra word en d at daar die bedoeling is o m skuldeisers te bedr ieg deur die afdwinging va n hul eise
te ontduik. Hoewel hierdie versky nsel in ander jurisdiksies onderso ek is, en dit selfs tot regshervorm ing
gelei het, is daar nog n ie in Suid-Afrika daaraan aandag geskenk nie. Die artikel toon aan dat sulke
gevalle wel in Suid-Af rika voorkom.
Die outeurs ondersoek die geskiktheid van bepalings oor die bedrieglike of roekelose bedryf van
maatskappye se besigheid as maatreëls om skadelike feniksbedrywighede te beperk of die gevolge
daarva n aan te spreek. In hierdie verband word ondersoek ingestel na arti kel 22 van die Maatskap pywet
71 van 2008 in samehang met verwante bepalings asook die bekende artikel 424 van die herroepe
Maatskappy wet 61 van 1973, wat as deel van hoofstuk 14 van daardie wet s teeds as oorgangsmaat reël
geld ten opsigte van m aatskappye in likw idasie.
Die gevolgtrekking is dat, hoewel onwettige feniksbedrywighede as die bedrieglike bedryf van
besigheid aange merk kan word, hierdie be palings nie behoorli k toegepas word nie. Daar i s ’n oordrewe
fokus op pr ivate afdwinging de ur middel van stat utêre siviele aans preeklikheid, wat nie ingevolge die
2008-wet blyk moontli k te wees nie. Van openbare a fdwinging deu r middel van stra fregteli ke vervolging
asook deur m iddel van die Ma atskappye e n Intellek tuele komm issie se bevoegdhede om kl agtes te
ontvang en te onde rsoek en in gepaste geval le te beveel dat ’n maatskappy sy besig heidsbedryw ighede
moet staak, kom daar nie veel nie. Groter bewustheid van die feniksverskynsel mag dalk tot beter
afdwinging va n die verbod op bedriegli ke of roekelose handeldryf lei. Bep alings wat spesiek teen d ie
tipiese eienskap pe van feniksprakt yke gerig is, behoort ook oor weeg te word aangesien dit kan bydra
tot die voorkoming va n sodanige aktiwit eit.
1 Introduction
Corporate phoeni x activity refers to conduct whereby a company (the old company)
is replaced by a second company (the new company) in the operat ion of the same or
a similar business involving the same or similar company controllers.1 The terms
“phoenix activity”, “phoenix syndrome” and “phoenixing” are derived from a
*LLD student, University of Johannesburg. This article is partially based on research conducted for the
rst author’s doctoral study, which is supervised by the second author.
**Professor of Corporate Law, University of Johannesburg.
1 Anderson, O’Connell, Ramsay, Welsh and Withers Dening and Proling Phoenix Activity (2014) 1.
“Company controller” in the context of this article refers to the individual who is in de facto control of
the company, even if that person is not a shareholder, director or similar ofcer.
2024 TSAR 31
© Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd
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